Social Influence Lesson 1-7

Question 1

What is compliance

Answer 1

Compliance is where individuals change their behaviour and views in order to line with the majority. This change is only publicly and superficial/temporary

Question 2

Internalisation

Answer 2

Individuals change their behaviour and beliefs to line with the majority, believing the majority is correct. This is privately and publicly and is more permanent

Question 3

Identification

Answer 3

Conform to opinions of the group because there’s something we value about the group and change our views to fit in with them, publicly and privately.
Our views can revert back if we leave the group

Question 4

What is informational social influence (ISI)

Answer 4

Personal conforms because they are UNSURE of correct answer or how to behave so they look to others
Most drive is desire to be right
But if the majority are still wrong they won’t stand out so it’s fine

Question 5

What is ISI likely to lead to

Answer 5

Internalisation
Changing views to what we think is correct

Question 6

What is Normative Social Influence

Answer 6

Follow norms to fit in and not be ridiculed or singled out - accepted
Change publicly and not privately

Question 7

When is ISI most likely to happen

Answer 7

Ambiguous situations
Difficult situations
Crisis or emergency
Believe others to be experts

Question 8

When is NSI most likely to happen

Answer 8

With strangers
Concerned about rejection
Stressful situations

Question 9

Who introduced the two process theory

Answer 9

Deutsch and Gerald (1955)

Question 10

What is NSI most likely to lead to

Answer 10

Compliance because it’s being done to fit in and changing views publicly but not privately

Question 11

What is a nAffiliator

Answer 11

More likely to show NSI - wants to be liked
More likely to conform

Question 12

What are demand characteristics

Answer 12

Subjects matter act differently due to the study in order to either fit in or stand out

Question 13

What year was Jenness study

Answer 13

1932

Question 14

What was jenness study?

Answer 14

Asked students how many jelly beans in a jar
Asked individual
Then group
Then individual to see if any students conformed and changed their answers

Question 15

What were the results of Jenness study?

Answer 15

Nearly all participants changed their original answer

Question 16

When was the Sherif research

Answer 16

1935

Question 17

What was Sherifs conformity research study

Answer 17

Small light shown to move even though it doesn’t move
The participant last and is swayed by the others saying the same or different numbers

Question 18

What were the results of Sherifs experiment

Answer 18

Group converged to a common estimate
People tend to conform

Question 19

Does Sherifs experiment show ISI or NSI

Answer 19

ISI because they were unsure so they looked to others
Internalisation

Question 20

What is a critical trial

Answer 20

A trial where the confederates gave the same WRONG answer to see if the participant would conform

Question 21

When was Asch experiment

Answer 21

1951

Question 22

What was Asch’s experiment

Answer 22

People had to say which line most closely resembled the sample line and have confederates have different answers to see if the participant conforms

Question 23

Who took part in Asch’s study?

Answer 23

123 male American students

Question 24

What is an IV

Answer 24

Confederates giving wrong answers

Question 25

What is a DV

Answer 25

Conformed people

Question 26

How many trials were there in Asch’s research study

Answer 26

18 trials

Question 27

Results of Asch’s study

Answer 27

One third conformed in critical trials 75% conformed at least once People conformed just to fit in - NSI

Question 28

How did group size affect Asch’s study

Answer 28

Asch found that when there was a majority of three confederates, conformity rates went to 30% After further increase in majority size, it no longer affected conformity

Question 29

How did Unanimity of the majority affect Asch’s study

Answer 29

One confederates gave correct answer conformity rates dropped from 33% to 5.5% If one confederate gave WRONG answer but still DIFFERENT from majority, conformity rates dropped to 9% This suggest it only takes one break in the chain for conformity to drop

Question 30

How did the task difficulty change Asch’s study

Answer 30

Asch made differences between the lines much smaller Task difficulty influenced by self efficacy of individual - how confident someone is w a task Participants who conformed would have undergone Informational Social Influence

Question 31

Evaluation of Asch’s study and variable effecting conformity

Answer 31

Temporal validity - society changes Ecological validity - set in lab, not everyday task - can’t be sure they’re actually conforming Population validity - they were all men, all students

Question 32

Ethical issues of Asch’s study

Answer 32

Lied to participant using a confederate - could make it stressful Deceptions

Question 33

Good things about Asch study

Answer 33

Controlled environment - able to change situation and good control over variables

Question 34

What are social roles

Answer 34

The ‘parts’ people play as a member of various social groups - child, parent, passenger Accompanied why expectations of appropriate behaviour in each role Conforming roles to conforming to expectations of that role

Question 35

Aim of Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment

Answer 35

To see whether people will conform to new social roles and how quickly they would conform

Question 36

Where did Zimbardo’s Prison Experiment take place

Answer 36

Zimbardo converted basement of Stanford University into a mock prison

Question 37

What sampling method did Zimbardo use and how many did he recruit

Answer 37

Zimbardo recruited 24 male college students via volunteer sampling method, advertising participation in a effects of prison life study Paid 15 dollars a day to take part

Question 38

How were guards and prisoners selected in Zimbardo’s prison experiment method

Answer 38

- Participants randomly assigned role of prisoner or guard - 11 guards, 10 prisoners - guards worked in sets of 3 w 8 hour shifts and solitary confinement

Question 39

How were prisoners taken to the mock prison in Zimbardo’s experiment

Answer 39

prisoners were arrested in their own homes without warning and taken to the local police station They were fingerprinted, photographed and booked They were blindfolded and driven to the University