Social Learning Theory & Personality

Question 1

What are the 5 traits from McCrae and Costa?

Answer 1

Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeable, neuroticism

Question 2

What traits are in Eysencks PEN theory?

Answer 2

Psychoticism, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Introversion

Question 3

What is in Maslow’s hierachy of needs?

Answer 3

Physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem and self actualisation.

Question 4

What is the humanistic approach to personality?

Answer 4

People are born good

Question 5

What did Eysencks believe about personality?

Answer 5

He believed that personality is geneticallly inherited

Question 6

What did Rogers believe about personality?

Answer 6

People are born good

Question 7

What is personality?

Answer 7

Individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving

Question 8

What are traits?

Answer 8

A personality characteristic that is consistent, long lasting and occurs over various situations

Question 9

What does Carl Rogers focus on in personality?

Answer 9

He focuses on the positive dimensions

Question 10

What is openness?

Answer 10

Imaginative, insightful, creative, curious, having wide interests

Question 11

What is conscientiousness?

Answer 11

Organised, competent, reliable, self discliplined

Question 12

What is extroversion?

Answer 12

Outgoing, socialable, talkative, energetic

Question 13

What is agreeableness?

Answer 13

Cooperative, kind, affectionate

Question 14

What is neuroticism?

Answer 14

Anxious, moody, impulsive, vulnerable

Question 15

What is incongruence?

Answer 15

A state of inconsistency between peoples self concept and experiences, leading to denial and distortion of reality

Question 16

What is congruence?

Answer 16

A state of consistency between peoples self concept and their actual experiences

Question 17

Define stimulus

Answer 17

Something that evokes a specific reaction

Question 18

Define Response

Answer 18

A reaction to a stimulus

Question 19

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 19

Learning a new behaviour by the process of association

Question 20

Who first described classical conditioning?

Answer 20

Ivan Pavlov in 1899

Question 21

What are the 3 steps of classical conditioning?

Answer 21

Before, during and after conditioning

Question 22

What are the key terms of CC?

Answer 22

Neutral stimulus (NS), unconditioned stimulus (UCS), unconditioned response (UCR) conditioned stimulus (CS), conditioned response (CR)

Question 23

What is the law of effect?

Answer 23

Any behaviour that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated. Any behaviour followed by unpleasant consequences is likely to be stopped.

Question 24

What is a positive reinforcement?

Answer 24

When something desirable is obtained to make a behaviour occur again

Question 25

Negative reinforcement?

Answer 25

A response or behaviour is strengthened by stopping or avoiding a negative outcome. It is the removal of something unpleasant

Question 26

Positive punishment?

Answer 26

When something undesirable is received after a behaviour to make it stop. Punishment is used in attempt to decrease a behaviour

Question 27

Negative punishment?

Answer 27

This is when something desirable is taken away after a behaviour to make it stop

Question 28

What is observational learning?

Answer 28

Learning through watching others and copying their behaviour

Question 29

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 29

Operant conditioning is learning a behaviour through consequence and rewards

Question 30

What is a neutral stimulus?

Answer 30

Initially produces no specific response other than attention

Question 31

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

Answer 31

Triggers a response to the stimulus shown

Question 32

What is an unconditioned response?

Answer 32

An unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the UCS

Question 33

What is a conditioned stimulus?

Answer 33

Previously NS that when paired with a UCS, it triggers a CR