SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Flashcards
(45 cards)
Redemptive SM
- total change in individuals
- most often religious movements; salvation through complete personal change
Societal SM
- total social change
- EX: revolutions, banning alcohol, change from monarch to a president
- Russia, Iran, China
Alternative SM
- Partial individual change
- EX: promoting recycling
Reformative SM
- partial social change
- want to be included equally in the already established system
- EX: women’s suffrage movement
Social Deprivation Theory
focuses on groups who are oppressed/deprived of societal rights (EX: Civil Rights Movement)
3 Components of the SDT
- relative deprivation based on individual perception
- feeling of deserving better
- a belief that conventional methods will not work
Resource Motivation Theory
looks at the factors that help/hinder a social movement like money, media, members, charismatic leadership - all to give focus
Rational Choice Theory
looks at pros and cons of certain courses of action - “which will help me the most”
- contains if/then scenarios that are
unknowable (like a slippery slope)
Social Cleavages in Iran (The Usual)
- ethnic
- religious minority vs majority
- urban vs rural
- higher vs lower economic status
Social Cleavages in Iran (Iran Specific)
- older revolutionaries vs younger people
- traditionalists vs modernists
- Islamicists: blending religious tenants of the Muslim faith with the call of modernization
Brain Dead
whenever educated people (usually youth) leave their home country, state, city for a better opportunity (human capital flight)
2009 Presidential Election in Iran
- Principalist Mamoud Ah. vs Reformer Mir Hussein
- 85% voter turnout
- leaning towards Hussein but Mahmoud won through corrupted results
Iran Presidential Protests
No one was buying thesham results that Mamoud won, even some Ayatollahs and Iranian celebrities denounced the corrupted results
Iran Presidential Recount
Supreme Leader, with 12 others, did a random sample of 10% of the votes. No irregularities were found. This angered youth Iranians.
The Green Movement
Iranians from multiple backgrounds took to the streets after the disputed election between 2009-2010. Social media played a crucial role in gaining support/sympathy.
Green Movement Type
on the line between reformative and transformative
- powerful people involved (reformative)
- ordinary people involved (transformative)
Gov. Response to Green Movement
- crackdown
- police and Basij (revolutionary voluntary miltia) suppressed protestors through arrests and beatings
- torture and rape
- closure of universities in Iran, blocked websites, phone transmissions, and messaging
- death
Green Movement Martyr
Nedo Agha-Soltan
- 26 y/o student shot in the chest unwarranted by the Basij
- her murder was filmed and shared on social media
- wasn’t even taking part in protests but was killed
Green Movement Aftermath/Legacy
- protests lost stream by 2010 logically considering state violence and that Moumod2 was still sworn in
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement
- between US, Canada, and Mexico
= formed a free trade zone
- revised and no one really benefits
Zapatista Background
- TRANSFORMATIVE social movement (ethnic minority, anti-state, revolutionary outsiders)
- Takes place in the Chiapas (South)
- Region is known for large indigenous population, Maya ruins, lush lands
Problems with NAFTA (Mexico)
- smaller farmers put out of business
- maquiladora workers were exploited at worksites
- environment deteriorated from fertilizers and chemicals
Zapatista!
- names after the leading figure of the Mexican Revolution
- launched in 1994
- armed Zapatista’s took over 7 towns and a military base; released prisoners
- no singular leader
Grievances in the Chiapas
- no electricity and sewage system
- very few public schools
- doesn’t receive the economic benefits of free trade (NAFTA)
- VERY ANTI-PRI
SLOGAN: “Everything for everyone. Nothing for us.”
