social policy

Question 1

what is compulsory schooling

Answer 1

making school compulsory for all children to have an education. mainly for w/c

Question 2

impact of compulsory schooling?

Answer 2

allowed all children to have the opportunity to succeed

Question 3

negatives of compulsory schooling

Answer 3

m/c children still get more opportunities, education did still vary to change a child’s ascribed status

Question 4

what was the tripartite system

Answer 4

children were assessed using 11+ exams and allocated to one of 3 schools

Question 5

what were the 3 schools in the tripartite system

Answer 5

grammar schools- allows access to none manual jobs for people who pass 11+ exams
secondary modern- people who failed 11+ allows them to gain access to manual jobs, mainly w/c
technical- only existed in a few areas

Question 6

negatives of tripartite system

Answer 6

technical schools were never available, only a few leave the 2 schools which causes inequality and tension between social classes. girls needed more marks to pass 11+ exams

Question 7

what was the comprehensive system

Answer 7

aimed to overcome the class divide by abolishing the 11+ exams along with grammar schools.
promotes social integration.
everyone goes to the same comprehensive schools.

Question 8

what did the comprehensive system want to do?

Answer 8

wanted to bring social classes together.

Question 9

negatives of comprehensive system

Answer 9

functionalists say comprehensives promote social integration.
Marxist’s see a ‘myth of meritocracy’

Question 10

what did ford find?

Answer 10

in reality there was little integration due to streaming.

Question 11

what are the 3 types of selection

Answer 11

selection by ability- academic ability based on exams
selection by aptitude- potential in certain subjects.
selection by faith- based on religious beliefs.

Question 12

what did tough and brooks identify about covert selection

Answer 12

used back door socialization, cherry picked those who they think will be high achievers.

Question 13

what is new vocationalism

Answer 13

aimed to tackle youth unemployment as they believed education system wasn’t adequate perception of work, an introduction to apprentechips and training schemes.

Question 14

negatives of new vocationalism

Answer 14

cheap labor for employers, way of reducing politically embarrassing unemployment stats, stereotypical gender and class divide.

Question 15

what is marketisation

Answer 15

process of introducing market forces and consumer choices and competition between suppliers (schools)

Question 16

what government pushed marketisation policies

Answer 16

conservative introduced it and labor took it further.

Question 17

how does ERA create an education market

Answer 17

reduces state control over education, increasing competition between schools and increasing parent choice, funding formula.

Question 18

what policies promoted marketisation.

Answer 18

Ofsted and league tables, national curriculum, funding formula.

Question 19

what is parentocracy

Answer 19

David describes marketisation education as parentocracy meaning ‘ruled by parents’

Question 20

what is the myth of meritocracy

Answer 20

supporters of marketisation argue in an education market the power shifts from producers (schools) to consumers (parents).

Question 21

what does the myth of meritocracy encourage

Answer 21

diversity as it gives parents more choice and raises standards.

Question 22

what policies did new labour introduce to reduce inequality

Answer 22

1- designating small deprived areas as education action zones to provide additional resources and funding
2- EMA, payments to w/c pupils from school to encourage them to stay in school.
3-surestart- support services in disadvantaged areas to tackle cultural deprivation

Question 23

what is new labor paradox (Benn)

Answer 23

contradiction between labors policies to reduce inequalities e.g. introduced tuition fees.

Question 24

impact of reforming the national curriculum

Answer 24

it was made more demanding,
saw changes to gcse and a levels, no longer coursework or modular exams

Question 25

what theories influenced the coalition governments policies

Answer 25

neoliberal and NR ideas about reducing the role of state in education

Question 26

what are academies?

Answer 26

in 2010 schools were encouraged to leave local authority and become academies. funding taken from local authorities budgets and given directly to schools, academies are given control over their own curriculum.

Question 27

what are free schools

Answer 27

set up and run by parents, teachers, faith orginisations or businesses , seen to raise standards as funded by the state and giving power to parents and meeting local demands,

Question 28

what did Allen say

Answer 28

his research from Sweden where 20% of schools are free schools and they show they only benefit children from highly educated families

Question 29

what does ball argue

Answer 29

promoting academies and free schools has lead to= fragmentation of the education system. centralization of control.

Question 30

what are the policies to reduce inequalities

Answer 30

1. free school meals for pupils in infant years. 2. pupil premium (money schools get for pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds, encouraged better schools to recruit less advantaged students)

Question 31

disadvantages of pupil premium

Answer 31

ofsted found in a lot of cases pupil premium wasn't spent on those it was supposed to help

Question 32

what policies did the conservative government indroduce

Answer 32

austerig- funding cuts for schools (8%) increasing the number of grammar schools content of exams made more academically demanding introducing tlevels

Question 33

impact of conservative government policies

Answer 33

made education more important and demanding

Question 34

strengths of globalization

Answer 34

1. useful to see if spending matches educational success 2.provides evidence for what works best by taking examples from other countries

Question 35

weaknesses of globalization

Answer 35

1. pisa is based on a narrow conception of education 2. testing is not always the best measure of a students ability

Question 36

what did kelly say about globalization

Answer 36

that only skills being focused on are what prepare students for work not other areas such as creativity, culture and wellbeing

Question 37

what is globalisation

Answer 37

the way the world is becoming interconnected as a result of technology, travel transportation, trade and communication

Question 38

how has education become globalized

Answer 38

edexcell, owned by company in USA. ball claims some pearsons gcse papers are made in Sydney and Iowa overseas companies.