Social Psychology #1

Question 1

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. A.K.A- looking at a situation and how people act in that situation.

Answer 1

Social Psychology

Question 2

that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

Answer 2

Attribution Theory the theory

Question 3

the tendency for observers, when analyzing others behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

Answer 3

Fundamental Attribution error

Question 4

feelings, often influenced by or beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

Answer 4

Attitude

Question 5

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness.

Answer 5

peripheral Route Persuasion

Question 6

occurs when interseted people focus on the arguements and respond with favorable thoughts.

Answer 6

Central route persuasion

Question 7

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.

Answer 7

Foot-in-the- door phenomenon

Question 8

a set of expectations (norms) about a socail position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.

Answer 8

Role

Question 9

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.

Answer 9

Cognitive dissonance theory

Question 10

Who created the attribution Theory

Answer 10

Fritz heider

Question 11

explaining behavior in terms of personality.

Answer 11

Dispositional Attribution

Question 12

explaining behavior in terms of the situation

Answer 12

Situational Attribution

Question 13

if we behave as though we believe something, we often come to believe it.

Answer 13

Actions to attitudes

Question 14

Adjusting our behavior or thinking to concide with a group standard

Answer 14

conformity

Question 15

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.

Answer 15

Normative social influence

Question 16

Informational social influence influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality.

Answer 16

Informational social influence

Question 17

improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.

Answer 17

Social Facilitation

Question 18

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.

Answer 18

social loafing

Question 19

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint orrucing in a group situation that foster arousal and anonymity.

Answer 19

De individuation

Question 20

the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within a group

Answer 20

group polarization

Question 21

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

Answer 21

Groupthink

Question 22

when we unconsciously mimic expressions, postures, tones of voices

Answer 22

the Chameleon effect

Question 23

he designed a study that investigates the effects of authority on obedience

Answer 23

Stanley Milgram

Question 24

an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. It generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.

Answer 24

prejudice

Question 25

a generalized sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized beilf about a group of peoplpe

Answer 25

Stereotype

Question 26

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.

Answer 26

Discrimination

Question 27

the tedency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and desvere what they get

Answer 27

Jut-world phenomenon

Question 28

"us" people with whom we share a common identity

Answer 28

ingroup

Question 29

"them" those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

Answer 29

outgroup

Question 30

the tedency to favor our own groups

Answer 30

Ingroup bias

Question 31

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.

Answer 31

Scapegoat theory

Question 32

the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races.

Answer 32

other-race efect

Question 33

any act intended to harm someone physically or emotionally.

Answer 33

Aggression

Question 34

the principle that frustration creates anger, which can generate aggression

Answer 34

Frustration-aggression principle

Question 35

culturally modeled guide for how to ac in various situations.

Answer 35

Social script

Question 36

1) beliefs( (stereotypes) 2) Emotions (hostility, envy, fear) 3) predisposition to act (to discriminate)

Answer 36

the components of prejudice

Question 37

- genetic influences - biochemical influences, such as testosterone and alcohol - neural influences, such as severe head injuries

Answer 37

Biological influences of aggression

Question 38

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

Answer 38

Mere exposure effect

Question 39

In aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

Answer 39

Passionate love

Question 40

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

Answer 40

Companionate love

Question 41

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

Answer 41

Equity

Question 42

The act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Answer 42

Self disclosure

Question 43

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Answer 43

Altruism

Question 44

The tendency for any given bystanders to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Answer 44

Bystander effect

Question 45

The theory that our social behaviour is an Exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize cost

Answer 45

Social exchange theory

Question 46

In expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

Answer 46

Reciprocity norm

Question 47

In expectation that people will help those needing their help

Answer 47

Social responsibility norm

Question 48

a perceived in compatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

Answer 48

Conflict

Question 49

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursuing going their self-interest into is rather then the good of the group, become car and mutually destructive behaviour

Answer 49

Social trap

Question 50

Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as we went inside sees itself as ethical and peaceful and use the other side as evil and aggressive

Answer 50

Mirror image perception

Question 51

A belief that leads to its own fulfilment

Answer 51

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 52

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

Answer 52

Superordinate goals

Question 53

A strategy designed to decrease international tensions

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Graduated and reciprocating initiative in tension reduction GRIT

Question 54

In individuals characteristics patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting

Answer 54

Personality

Question 55

View personality with a focus on the unconscious and importance of childhood experiences

Answer 55

Psychodynamic theories

Question 56

Freud's theory of personality attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; The techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose in interpret unconscious tensions

Answer 56

Psychoanalysis

Question 57

According to Freud, A reservoir of mostly on the acceptable dots, wishes, feelings and memories.according to contemporary psychologist, information processing of which we are unaware

Answer 57

Unconscious

Question 58

In psychoanalysis A method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

Answer 58

Free association

Question 59

A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, Starrise to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drivers.

Answer 59

I'd

Question 60

This operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.

Answer 60

Id

Question 61

The largely conscious, "executive" part of the personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the ID, superego, and reality. It operates on the reality principle, satisfying their id's desires and Waze doubt will raise realistically bring pleasure rather than pain

Answer 61

Ego

Question 62

That part of the personality that represents internalized ideals and provide standards for judgement "the conscience" and for future aspirations

Answer 62

Superego

Question 63

The childhood stages of development during which the ideals pleasure seeking energise focus on this thing erogenous

Answer 63

Psychosexual stages

Question 64

A boy is sexual desire towards his mother in feelings of jealousy and hatred for the arrival father

Answer 64

Oedipus complex

Question 65

Pleasure centres on the mouth sucking, biting, showing

Answer 65

Oral stages (0-18) months

Question 66

Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demand for control

Answer 66

Anal stage (18-36) months

Question 67

Pleasure zone is the genitals coping with incestuous sexual feelings

Answer 67

Phallic (3-6) years

Question 68

If is a dormat sexual feelings

Answer 68

Latency (6 to puberty)

Question 69

Maturation of sexual interests

Answer 69

Genital (puberty on)

Question 70

The prices by which children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos

Answer 70

Identification

Question 71

A lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies in earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved

Answer 71

Fixation

Question 72

In psychoanalytic theory, the Ego's protective methods of reducing exciting by unconsciously distorting reality

Answer 72

Defence mechanism

Question 73

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defence mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

Answer 73

Repression

Question 74

Retreating to him more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated. Example a little boy reverts to the oral comfort of thumb sucking in the car on the way to his first day of school.

Answer 74

Regression

Question 75

Switching unacceptable impose into their opposites. Example repressing angry feelings, a person this please exaggerated friendliness

Answer 75

Reaction formation

Question 76

Disguising one's own threatening implies by attributing them to others.example the thief thinks everyone else is a thief

Answer 76

Projection

Question 77

Offering self-justifying explanation in place of real, more threatening unconscious reason for one's actions.example a habitual drinker says she drinks with her friends

Answer 77

rationalization

Question 78

Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses towards a more acceptable or unless threatening object or person. Example a little girl kicks the family down example a little girl kicks the family dog after her mother sends her to her room

Answer 78

Displacement

Question 79

Refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities.a partner denies evidence of his loved ones of affair

Answer 79

Denial

Question 80

Carl Jung's concept of the shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history

Answer 80

Collective unconscious

Question 81

A personality test, such as the gamma that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics.

Answer 81

Projection test

Question 82

A projective tears in which people express their inner feelings and interests do with the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

Answer 82

Thematic Apperception test

Question 83

The most widely used projective tests, a set of 10 inkblots , Designed by Herman Rorchach; 6 to identify peoples inner feelings by analysing their interpretations of the blots

Answer 83

Rorschach inkblots test

Question 84

A theory of death related anxiety; explorers peoples emotional and behavioural and responds to reminders of their impending death

Answer 84

Terror management theory

Question 85

View personality with a focus on the potential for help the personal growth

Answer 85

Humanistic theories

Question 86

According to Maslow, where the ultimate psychological needs that arise after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved.the motivation to fulfil one's potential.

Answer 86

Self actualization

Question 87

According to Rogers, in attitude of total acceptance towards another person

Answer 87

Unconditionally positive regard

Question 88

All our thoughts and feelings about our souls, in answer to the question, who am I

Answer 88

Self concept

Question 89

A characteristic pattern of behaviour or a disposition to feel and act, as assisting by self report inventories peer reports

Answer 89

Trait

Question 90

A questionnaire on which people respond to item is designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviours.used to assess selected personality traits

Answer 90

Personality inventory

Question 91

The most widely research in clinically use of our personality test. Originally developed identify emotional disorders, this test is now used for many other screenings purpose.

Answer 91

MMPI ( Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Question 92

A test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups.

Answer 92

Empirical derived test

Question 93

What are the five personality factors?

Answer 93

Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism openness extroversion

Question 94

Views behaviour as influenced by the interaction between people traits and their social context

Answer 94

Social cognitive perspective

Question 95

There are interacting influences of behaviour, internal cognition ,and environment

Answer 95

Reciprocal determinism

Question 96

In contemporary psychology, assumed to be the centre of personality, the organiser of our thoughts, feelings and actions

Answer 96

Self

Question 97

Over estimating other is noticing evaluating our appearances, performance, and blunders.

Answer 97

Spotlight effect

Question 98

Once feeling of high or low self-worth

Answer 98

Self-esteem

Question 99

One sense of competence and effectiveness

Answer 99

Self-efficacy

Question 100

A readiness to receive one self favorably

Answer 100

Self-serving bias

Question 101

excessive self-love and self absorption

Answer 101

Narcissism

Question 102

This type of psychologists looks at situations and how people react in that situation.

Answer 102

Social psychology

Question 103

His studies showed people that acting can become are new roles

Answer 103

Zimbarodo

Question 104

When our attitudes and actions are oppose we experience tension.

Answer 104

Cognitive dissonance

Question 105

What is the first psychologist to come up with the theory of personality, motivation and psychological disorders

Answer 105

Freud

Question 106

He focused on early childhood experiences, unconscious motives and conflicts, methods people use to cope with.

Answer 106

Freud

Question 107

This operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification

Answer 107

I'd

Question 108

This operates on the reality principle, delays gratification

Answer 108

Ego

Question 109

She countered Freud asSumption that women have a weak superegos and suffer from penis envy.

Answer 109

Karen horney

Question 110

He believed in the collective unconscious, which contain a common reservoir of images derived from our species past.

Answer 110

Carl Jung

Question 111

What is wrong with the projective tests?

Answer 111

Reliability and Validity