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12 ATAR Psychology 2021 > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is it called when an individual distorts facts in order to maintain their self esteem?

A

Self-serving bias

NS

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2
Q

Define Group Polarisation

A

The strengthening of attitudes in individuals when they are in groups of people who hold similar attitudes

ZW

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3
Q

What is Social Facilitation?

A

Improved performance due to the presence of others

ZW

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4
Q

_____ _________ can be defined as the social influence from peers to think, feel or behave in certain ways

A

Peer pressure

NS

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5
Q

what is social psychology?

A

the scientific study of the way in which people’s thoughts, feelings and behaviours are influenced by the presence of others.
BH

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6
Q

Define a group.

A

two or more people who interact and are interdependent in the sense that their needs and goals cause them to influence each other.
BH

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7
Q

what is conformity

A

the changing of behaviour in response to group pressure

BP

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8
Q

why do people join groups

A

accomplish objectives more readily
basic needs for belonging
identity formation

BP

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9
Q

Which researcher created the Visual Judgement Task?

a) Smith
b) Sherif
c) Milgram
d) Asch

A

d) Asch

NS

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10
Q

When we conform to group standards in order to be apart of a group and be accepted by the group, we are experiencing…

A

Normative social influence

NS

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11
Q

what are 2 types of influence?

A

informational and normative influence

BP

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12
Q

what are the 2 causes of conformity?

A
  1. private acceptance
  2. public compliance
    BH
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13
Q

what are the factors affecting conformity?

A
  • group size
  • social loafing
  • cultural background
  • deindividuation
  • perception of the value of the source of information
  • normative influence
  • whether or not the group members are unanimous in their views
    BH
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14
Q

Define obedience

A

Changing a behaviour in response to instruction or direct request by an authority figure

NS

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15
Q

Milgram’s study was derived from his interest in why _______________________________________

A

The Nazi SS officers obeyed orders, from their superior officres, to gas millions of Jews

NS

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16
Q

what are the conclusions reasons psychologist think people obey authority

A

.belief in legitimate authority
.commitment to successful achievement to the experiment
.lack of disobedient role models
.lack of personal responsibility

BP

17
Q

what are the ethical issues surrounding Milgram’s study?

A
  • it was a deception therefore debriefing was needed at the end of the study
  • only males involved (gender bias)
    BH
18
Q

what are the conclusions reasons psychologist think people obey authority

A

.belief in legitimate authority
.commitment to successful achievement to the experiment
.lack of disobedient role models
.lack of personal responsibility

19
Q

Zimbardo’s study received renewed publicity because of its relevance to…

a) German guards at the Abu Ghraib during a military campaign in Iraq
b) Nazi SS officers gassing millions of Jews
c) US guards at Abu Ghraib during the US military campaign in Iraq
d) Guards in Abu Ghraib during World War 2 in Germany
e) It was his birthday

A

c) US guards at Abu Ghraib during the US military campaign in Iraq

NS

20
Q

In Zimbardo’s study _________ where locked up and ________ quickly abused their status and power

A

In Zimbardo’s study “PRISONERS” where locked up and “GUARDS” quickly abused their status and power

NS

21
Q

What were some criticisms pertaining Zimbardo’s experiment? (4)

A
  • Sample and selection methods were biased, hence results cannot be generalised
  • Guards may have been following stereotypes and role-playing, rather than being evil
  • Experimenter Bias
  • No clear hypothesis

ZW

22
Q

How did Zimbardo’s guards display Deindividuation?

A
  • Abandoned usual restraints of an individual to join in group behaviour
  • Sense of anonymity and external norms created by their uniforms and each other

ZW

23
Q

what are the two attributions that explain the causes of behaviour proposed by Heider?

A
  1. personal attributions
  2. situational attributions
    BH
24
Q

what is a limitation of Kelley’s theory?

A

lacks distinction between intentional and unintentional behaviours.
BH

25
Q

Explain the Fundamental Attribution Error.

A

A strong bias towards making dispositional attributions to explain people’s behaviour, as opposed to situational attributions to explain people’s behaviour, as opposed to situational attributions.

ZW

26
Q

Define ‘Self-serving Bias’

A

The distortion of facts/ any cognitive processes to make situational attributions, in order to maintain self-esteem.

ZW

27
Q

What is it called when an individual distorts facts in order to maintain their self esteem?

A

Self-serving bias

NS

28
Q

What does Kelly’s general model of attribution consist of?

A

Antecedents
Attributions
Consequences

NS

29
Q

three ways to resolve cognitive dissonance

A

change thoughts
change behaviour
add thoughts

30
Q

what does changing thoughts, changing behaviours

and adding thoughts help resolve

A

cognitive dissonance

31
Q

Which of the following BEST describes Cognitive Dissonance?

a) when an individual experiences discomfort when they have to opposing beliefs
b) when an individual experiences tension because hold three beliefs that are in conflict or behave in a way that doesn’t align with that belief
c) when two beliefs are in conflict a person feels very uncomfortable so tried to fix it
d) when an individual experiences discomfort or psychological tension due to holding two beliefs that are in conflict or act in a way that is inconsistent with that belief

A

d) when an individual experiences discomfort or psychological tension due to holding two beliefs that are in conflict or act in a way that is inconsistent with that belief

NS

32
Q

Who coined the term “Cognitive Dissonance”?

A

Leon Festinger

NS

33
Q

Why are we motivated to restore consistency in cognitive dissonance?

A
  1. Gets in the way of finding the truth
  2. Physical discomfort

ZW

34
Q

Define Cognitive Dissonance

A

The psychological tension and physical discomfort as a result of having conflicting beliefs, thoughts or attitudes.

ZW

35
Q

define post-decisional dissonance

A

when there is cognitive dissonance between your choice and the belief that it was the right choice
BH

36
Q

how do we reduce PDD?

A

we make justifications that we have made the right choice

BH

37
Q

define post-decisional dissonance

A

when there is cognitive dissonance between your choice and the belief that it was the right choice
BH

38
Q

how do we reduce PDD?

A

we make justifications that we have made the right choice

BH

12 ATAR Psychology 2021 (10 decks)

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