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MCAT psych/soc > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

Psychological arousal

A

Alertness and readiness to respond

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2
Q

Social facilitation

A

People perform in groups better than individually

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3
Q

Yerke’s Dodson Law

A

Increasing arousal increases performance up to a certain threshold and then decreases performance after it exceeds the threshold
Exceeding: too much stress

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4
Q

Social loafing

A

When a group decreases individual sense of responsibility, because others will hypothetically pick up the slack

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5
Q

Bystander effect

A

Diffusion of responsibility in a stressful situation where bystander feels they are not best equipt to intervien

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6
Q

Deindividualization

A

People lose self awareness in group setting and have low degree of responsibility
1. Anonymity 2. Diffused responsibility 3. Group size

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7
Q

Group polarization

A

Idea that being in a group with like minded people will make beliefs more extreme
Major contributing factors are informational influence and normative influence

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8
Q

Normative influence

A

To be linked in group , people are more likely to express dominant view point

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9
Q

Group think

A

Irrational decisions are made to prevent conflict and conformity
8 factors

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10
Q

Collective rationalization

A

Factor 1 of group think
Group ignores warnings and do not reconsider actions and beliefs

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11
Q

Excessive stereotyping

A

Negative view of outsiders or dissenters

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12
Q

Illusion of invulnerability

A

Excessive self confidence that increases risk taking

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13
Q

Illusion of morality

A

Members of group believe they are morally riteous and their cause outweighs their actions

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14
Q

Illusion of unanimity

A

Majority of views uncontested

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15
Q

Mindguards

A

Members of group protect cohesion by by filtering info out with problematic mindsets

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16
Q

Pressure on dissenters

A

Members are contstantly under pressure to not express beliefs against the group

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17
Q

Self censorship

A

Members with dissenting beliefs do not share them

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18
Q

Conformity

A

Someone changes their actions, beliefs or thinking to fit into the social norm

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19
Q

Congruence

A

Preexisting overlap between social norms and personal beliefs

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20
Q

Internalization/ conversion

A

When conformity actually leads to changes in beliefs

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21
Q

Compliance

A

When someone acts according to social norms but do not take on dominant beliefs

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22
Q

Solomon ash experiemnet

A

Example of conformity

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23
Q

Request related compliance

A

Agreeing to do something because someone asked
- used in marketing
- several techniques

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24
Q

Foot in the door technique

A

Ask for a small favor and then the actual favor

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25
Door in the face technique
Ask a huge favor so that the actual favor seems small
26
Low ball technique
Offer something at a low price and then raise it last minute
27
Obedience
Change in behavior in response to demands from someone with more authority
28
Milgram experiement
The shock experiement to see how long the participant will continue to shock people with authority coercion
29
Zimbardo experiment
Stanford prison experiment evaluated obedience and relationship between arbitrary prisoners and guards
30
Norms
Spoken or unspoken rules about attitudes, behaviors, beliefs, and values in society
31
Social control
Ways that norms are taught, enforced, and perpetuated
32
Deviance
When someone does not follow a norm
33
Formal norms
Encoded somewhere and are typically laws with specific penalities for violating them
34
What kind of norms are laws
Formal
35
Informal norms
Not written , expectations without a fixed punishment
36
Folkways
Insignificant informal norms - involve small behaviors and expectations for daily life - ex: fashion
37
Mores
Important informal norms - serious disapproval for violating - cheating on a partner
38
Taboos
Most restrictive norms that one is not permitted to do - incest and cannibalism - some are forbidden by law
39
Anomie
Situation where there is no good match between societies norms and the individual’s norms
40
Deviance
Someone violating a norm
41
Differential association theory
Socially learned deviance
42
Symbolic interactionalism
Behaviors are learned phenomena with culturally determined significance
43
Labeling approach
People’s behavior is altered by being defined as a deviant
44
Primary deviance
Refers to someone’s deviant actions before they are labeled as a deviant
45
Secondary deviance
Deviance after the label deviant has been bestowed on them
46
Strain theory
Try to explain why people commit deviance based on role of social and economic pressures - people with stressors are pushed more toward crime
47
Socialization
Range of norms that govern society and interactions between people and institutions
48
First agent of socialization
Family
49
Fads
New behavior becomes extremely popular then fades
50
Mass hysteria
Negative behavior or belief spreads rapidly that insights fear - witch trials
51
Riots
More temporary than fads or mass hysteria - spontaneous violent episodes - classic form of deindividualization
52
Attributions
Explanations of people’s behavior
53
Disposition attribution
Behaviors are internal and inherit based on character
54
Situational attribution
Externallly focused explanation for behavior
55
Consistency cues
More often we see the behavior, more likely to recognize it as dispositional
56
Distinctive cues
Notice when behavior is different than usual and associate it with a situation
57
Actor-observer bias
We are likely to make a dispositional attribution to someone else, that would be situational for us when explaining negative behaviors
58
Fundamental attribution error
We are more likely to interpret negative behaviors of OTHER people as dispositional rather than situational
59
Self serving bias
Tendency to promote good behaviors as dispositional and our bad behaviors as situational
60
Locus of control
Control people have over circumstance - between situational and dispositional
61
People with internal locus of control
Believe they are efficalble and responsible for behaviors
62
People with external locus of control
Usually attribute bad outcomes to situational
63
Halo effect
How positive (or negative) impressions on a person in one domain, can impact our perception of them in other domains as well
64
Just world hypothesis
Good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people
65
Attributions made in western countries
More dispositional, Middle East and Asian is situational
66
Prejudice
Irrational attitudes (pos or neg) towards groups or objects
67
Stereotypes
Cognitive (prejudice is effective) , specific beliefs about a specific group - often negative
68
Stereotype content model
Stereotypes of people are placed on continuum between warmth and competence - warmth: fondness - competence: correct perception
69
Paternalistic stereotype
High warmth, low competence
70
Admiration stereotype
High warmth and high competence
71
Contemptuous stereotype
Low warmth low competence
72
Envious stereotype
Low warmth, high competence - marginalized social groups
73
Discrimination
Physical action and differential treatment based on prejudice - has to involve actions or outcomes
74
Individual discrimination
One person treats another differently
75
Institutional discrimination
Larger patterns of unequal behavior and outcomes toward groups
76
Prejudice is ______ while stereotypes are ______
Affective (emotional) Cognitive
77
Stereotypes
Overgeneralizations about a group of people
78
Self fufilling prophecy
Our perceptions of ourselves influence our behavior
79
Stereotype threat
Being reminded of a general stereotype (even unconsciously) can impact one’s behavior - in a bad way
80
Stereotype boost
People are reminded of a stereotype and it aids their performance
81
Stigma
Intense disapproval that society directs toward specific behaviors and groups
82
Ethnocentrism
Belief that ones country is better than others - judge other cultures in reference to ones own
83
Cultural relativism
Judging each country on its own merit and being receptive to other ideas, cultures, customs

MCAT psych/soc (13 decks)

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