SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Question 1

Describe factors that influence impression formation such as personal disclosure, impressions as social schemas, stereotyping, & self-fulfilling prophecies

Answer 1

-Personal disclosure: sharing of personal info
-Impressions as social schemas: group’s expectation behavior
-Stereotyping: It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group
-Self-fulfilling prophecies: An expectation or belief that can influence your behaviors

Question 2

How important are first impressions

Answer 2

They can be a deciding factor in mate choice, trustworthiness judgments and hiring decisions.

Question 3

What is an attribution?

Answer 3

Interferences about causes of events and behaviors

Question 4

Describe the fundamental attribution error, the actor-observer effect, & the self-serving bias

Answer 4

F Attribution error: overlook situational influences when explaining other people’s behavior in favor of internal causes
Actor-observer effect: attribute own behavior but others’ behavior
Self-serving bias: Take credit for accomplishment, but not failure

Question 5

Describe the 3 components of an attitude & what are sources of our attitudes?

Answer 5

affective component (feelings),
a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior)
cognitive component (belief and knowledge)

Question 6

What is the relationship between attitude & behavior?

Answer 6

Attitudes can positively or negatively affect a person’s behavior

Question 7

What is the elaboration likelihood model (ELM)?

Answer 7

According to the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion, there are two main routes that play a role in delivering a persuasive message: central and peripheral

Question 8

Central route of persuasion

Answer 8

is logic driven and uses data and facts to convince people of an argument’s worthiness.

Question 9

Peripheral route of persuasion

Answer 9

is an indirect route that uses peripheral cues to associate positivity with the message

Question 10

Describe variables that influence persuasion.

Answer 10

Source variables
message variables
recipient variables

Question 11

Describe prosocial behavior

Answer 11

voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people

Question 12

Describe influences on helping

Answer 12

Emotional responses such as guilt, personal distress, and empathy
-situational ambiguity
-perceived cost
-diffusion of responsibility
-similarity
-empathy
-mood and gender
-attributions of the cause of need
-social norms

Question 13

Describe prejudice & discrimination. Describe how prejudice develops.

Answer 13

-Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group.
-Discrimination is negative action toward an individual as a result of one’s membership in a particular group, form of oppression.

Question 14

Describe the effects of stereotypes & prejudice.

Answer 14

Stereotypes: Overgeneralized beliefs about people may lead to prejudice.
Prejudice: Feelings may influence treatment of others, leading to discrimination.

Question 15

Describe Allport’s contact hypothesis.

Answer 15

Is a psychological theory that suggests that direct contact between members of different social or cultural groups can reduce prejudice, improve intergroup relations, and promote mutual understanding.

Question 16

Describe conformity & what factors make someone more likely to conform?

Answer 16

Conformity is the change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if he does not agree with the group.

Question 17

Describe Milgram’s “obedience” study and the implications/effects of “obedience to authority.”

Answer 17

In the study, an authority figure ordered participants to deliver what they believed were dangerous electrical shocks to another person. People obey either out of fear or out of a desire to appear cooperative–even when acting against their own better judgment and desires.

Question 18

Describe deindividuation & its implications/effects.

Answer 18

Deindividuation refers to situations in which a person may feel a sense of anonymity and therefore a reduction in accountability and sense of self when among others.

Question 19

Describe group polarization & groupthink.

Answer 19

Is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.
Groupthink is the modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus