SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards
(19 cards)
Describe factors that influence impression formation such as personal disclosure, impressions as social schemas, stereotyping, & self-fulfilling prophecies
-Personal disclosure: sharing of personal info
-Impressions as social schemas: group’s expectation behavior
-Stereotyping: It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group
-Self-fulfilling prophecies: An expectation or belief that can influence your behaviors
How important are first impressions
They can be a deciding factor in mate choice, trustworthiness judgments and hiring decisions.
What is an attribution?
Interferences about causes of events and behaviors
Describe the fundamental attribution error, the actor-observer effect, & the self-serving bias
F Attribution error: overlook situational influences when explaining other people’s behavior in favor of internal causes
Actor-observer effect: attribute own behavior but others’ behavior
Self-serving bias: Take credit for accomplishment, but not failure
Describe the 3 components of an attitude & what are sources of our attitudes?
affective component (feelings),
a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior)
cognitive component (belief and knowledge)
What is the relationship between attitude & behavior?
Attitudes can positively or negatively affect a person’s behavior
What is the elaboration likelihood model (ELM)?
According to the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion, there are two main routes that play a role in delivering a persuasive message: central and peripheral
Central route of persuasion
is logic driven and uses data and facts to convince people of an argument’s worthiness.
Peripheral route of persuasion
is an indirect route that uses peripheral cues to associate positivity with the message
Describe variables that influence persuasion.
Source variables
message variables
recipient variables
Describe prosocial behavior
voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people
Describe influences on helping
Emotional responses such as guilt, personal distress, and empathy
-situational ambiguity
-perceived cost
-diffusion of responsibility
-similarity
-empathy
-mood and gender
-attributions of the cause of need
-social norms
Describe prejudice & discrimination. Describe how prejudice develops.
-Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group.
-Discrimination is negative action toward an individual as a result of one’s membership in a particular group, form of oppression.
Describe the effects of stereotypes & prejudice.
Stereotypes: Overgeneralized beliefs about people may lead to prejudice.
Prejudice: Feelings may influence treatment of others, leading to discrimination.
Describe Allport’s contact hypothesis.
Is a psychological theory that suggests that direct contact between members of different social or cultural groups can reduce prejudice, improve intergroup relations, and promote mutual understanding.
Describe conformity & what factors make someone more likely to conform?
Conformity is the change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if he does not agree with the group.
Describe Milgram’s “obedience” study and the implications/effects of “obedience to authority.”
In the study, an authority figure ordered participants to deliver what they believed were dangerous electrical shocks to another person. People obey either out of fear or out of a desire to appear cooperative–even when acting against their own better judgment and desires.
Describe deindividuation & its implications/effects.
Deindividuation refers to situations in which a person may feel a sense of anonymity and therefore a reduction in accountability and sense of self when among others.
Describe group polarization & groupthink.
Is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.
Groupthink is the modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus
