Social Psychology

Question 1

What is attribution theory?

Answer 1

there are two general causes of behaviour:
External (situation) - behaviour cased by situational factors
Internal (personal) - behaviour caused by internal factors like personality, attitudes, motives

Question 2

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 2

overlooking the impact of a situation and attributing someone’s actions to their disposition
“that guy cut me off, he’s a jerk”

Question 3

Attitude

Answer 3

feelings that are influenced by our beliefs
-causes us to respond a particular way

Question 4

Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon

Answer 4

compliance tactic to get a person to agree to a larger request by having them first agree to a smaller one

Question 5

Role

Answer 5

a set of expectations about a social position (defining how to behave)

Question 6

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 6

the way one acts to reduce discomfort caused by conflicting beliefs or attitudes

Question 7

Mimicry

Answer 7

taking on speech patterns and behavioural mannerisms of one’s interaction partner

Question 8

Social Facilitation

Answer 8

being in the presence of others helps to improve task performance
-may worsen performance for complex/unfamiliar tasks

Question 9

Social Loafing

Answer 9

putting in less effort when working in a group compared to working alone
-feeling less accountable for the outcome

Question 10

Deindividuation

Answer 10

loss of self-awareness and identity due to group norms (anonymous situations)

Question 11

Group Polarization

Answer 11

group discussions that lead to more extreme decisions or opinions than before
-reinforcement of shared views

Question 12

Conformity

Answer 12

changing behaviour or belief in accord with others or group norms

Question 13

Norms

Answer 13

understood rules for accepted and expected behaviour

Question 14

Normative social influence

Answer 14

conforming to group norms in order to be accepted and liked

Question 15

What is social psychology?

Answer 15

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Question 16

Prejudice

Answer 16

an unjustifiable and negative attitude towards a group and its members

Question 17

Stereotype

Answer 17

a generalized belief about a group of people

Question 18

Discrimination

Answer 18

unjustifiable and negative behaviour towards a group and its members

Question 19

Just-world Phenomenon

Answer 19

belief that the world is fair and people get what they deserve

Question 20

What is an ingroup

Answer 20

A group a person identifies with

Question 21

What is an outgroup

Answer 21

a group an individual does not identify with

Question 22

Scapegoat theory

Answer 22

projecting negative feelings onto a group or individual who is a convenient target for blame

Question 23

Other-race effect

Answer 23

recognizing faces of individuals from one’s own race or ethnic group

Question 24

Aggression

Answer 24

physical or verbal behaviour intended to harm someone physically or emotionally

Question 25

Social Script

Answer 25

a culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

Question 26

Mere exposure effect

Answer 26

developing a preference for something after being exposed to it repeatedly

Question 27

Passionate love

Answer 27

an aroused state of intense emotions/attraction (beginning of relationships)

Question 28

Compassionate love

Answer 28

a deep/affectionate attachment (long-term relationships)

Question 29

Equity

Answer 29

in relationships both partners give and receive in roughly equal measure

Question 30

Self-disclosure

Answer 30

the act of revealing intimate aspects about ourselves to others

Question 31

Alturism

Answer 31

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Question 32

Bystander effect

Answer 32

individuals are less likely to help someone in need when other people are present

Question 33

Social exchange theory

Answer 33

human interactions are based on an exchange of rewards and costs

Question 34

Reciprocity norm

Answer 34

suggests that people will help those who have helped them

Question 35

Social-responsibility norm

Answer 35

the expectation that people will help those in need

Question 36

Conflict

Answer 36

opposing interests, values, and goals between groups or individuals

Question 37

Social trap

Answer 37

individuals or groups pursue self-interests which leads to negative outcomes for the group or society

Question 38

Mirror image perceptions

Answer 38

two conflicting groups or individuals perceive each other in the same negative way

Question 39

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 39

a belief that leads to its own fulfillment

Question 39

Superordinate Goals

Answer 39

shared goals that require cooperation between two groups (reduces conflict)