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Cuet Pg Psychology > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is social psychology?

A

The scientific study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in social contexts.

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2
Q

True or False: Social psychology only focuses on individual behavior.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ effect refers to the tendency for people to perform differently when they are being observed.

A

Hawthorne

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4
Q

What is the fundamental attribution error?

A

The tendency to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors when judging others’ behavior.

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5
Q

What is cognitive dissonance?

A

A psychological state that occurs when a person holds two contradictory beliefs or attitudes.

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6
Q

Which theory suggests that people are motivated to reduce discomfort arising from conflicting cognitions?

A

Cognitive dissonance theory

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7
Q

True or False: Conformity is the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms.

A

True

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8
Q

What is the bystander effect?

A

The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present.

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9
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences conformity? A) Group size B) Group cohesion C) Individual intelligence D) Unanimity

A

C) Individual intelligence

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10
Q

What does the term ‘social facilitation’ refer to?

A

The tendency for people to perform better on simple tasks in the presence of others.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ principle states that people are more likely to comply with a large request after agreeing to a small request.

A

Foot-in-the-door

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12
Q

What is groupthink?

A

A psychological phenomenon where the desire for harmony in a group leads to irrational decision-making.

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13
Q

True or False: Social loafing refers to the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone.

A

True

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14
Q

What is social identity theory?

A

A theory that proposes that a person’s sense of who they are is based on their group memberships.

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15
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common outcome of group polarization? A) More moderate views B) More extreme views C) No change D) Increased conflict

A

B) More extreme views

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16
Q

What is the mere exposure effect?

A

The phenomenon where people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them.

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17
Q

True or False: The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when a belief leads to its own fulfillment.

A

True

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18
Q

What is altruism?

A

The selfless concern for the well-being of others.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ bias is the tendency to favor one’s own group over others.

A

In-group

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20
Q

What is the role of stereotypes in social psychology?

A

Stereotypes are oversimplified beliefs about a group that can affect perceptions and behaviors toward individuals from that group.

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21
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following concepts is related to how people perceive themselves in relation to others? A) Social perception B) Self-perception C) Social influence D) Social comparison

A

D) Social comparison

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22
Q

What does the term ‘attitude’ refer to in social psychology?

A

A psychological tendency expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor.

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23
Q

True or False: Prejudice is an attitude based on an unfavorable evaluation of a group.

A

True

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24
Q

What is obedience in the context of social psychology?

A

The act of following direct commands, usually from an authority figure.

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25
Fill in the blank: __________ is the phenomenon where people attribute their own successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.
Self-serving bias
26
What is the definition of social influence?
The effect that the words, actions, or presence of other people have on our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
27
28
What is social psychology?
The scientific study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in a social context.
29
True or False: Social psychology focuses only on individual behavior.
False
30
Fill in the blank: The __________ effect refers to the tendency for people to perform differently when they are in a group compared to when they are alone.
social facilitation
31
What is conformity?
The act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms.
32
Which psychologist is known for the study of obedience through the Milgram experiment?
Stanley Milgram
33
Multiple Choice: What is the primary focus of social psychology? A) Individual cognition B) Group dynamics C) Interpersonal relationships D) Social influence
D) Social influence
34
What does the term 'cognitive dissonance' refer to?
The mental discomfort experienced by a person who holds two or more contradictory beliefs, values, or ideas.
35
True or False: Groupthink can lead to poor decision-making.
True
36
Fill in the blank: The __________ attribution error is the tendency to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors in judging others' behavior.
fundamental
37
What is the bystander effect?
The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present.
38
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of social influence? A) Compliance B) Persuasion C) Reflection D) Conformity
C) Reflection
39
What is social loafing?
The tendency for individuals to put in less effort when working in a group compared to when working alone.
40
True or False: Stereotypes can lead to prejudice and discrimination.
True
41
What is the definition of 'prejudice'?
A preconceived opinion or judgment about a person or group, often based on stereotypes.
42
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which individuals use social stimuli to form impressions of others.
Social perception
43
What does the term 'ingroup bias' mean?
The tendency to favor one's own group over other groups.
44
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of compliance? A) Following a law B) Agreeing with a friend's opinion C) Changing your behavior due to peer pressure D) Adopting a new habit
C) Changing your behavior due to peer pressure
45
What is the role of social norms in behavior?
Social norms are the accepted standards of behavior within a group that influence how individuals act.
46
True or False: Social psychology only studies negative behaviors.
False
47
What is the difference between 'explicit' and 'implicit' attitudes?
Explicit attitudes are consciously held beliefs, while implicit attitudes are automatic and unconscious evaluations.
48
Fill in the blank: __________ is the phenomenon where people are more likely to conform in a group of three or more individuals.
Conformity
49
What is a 'self-fulfilling prophecy'?
A belief or expectation that influences a person’s behavior in a way that causes those beliefs to come true.
50
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a technique used in persuasion? A) Foot-in-the-door B) Door-in-the-face C) Both A and B D) None of the above
C) Both A and B
51
What is the definition of 'social identity'?
The portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group.
52
True or False: Attitudes are always consistent with behavior.
False
53
What is the 'halo effect'?
The tendency for an impression created in one area to influence opinion in another area.
54
Fill in the blank: The __________ model suggests that attitudes are formed through direct experience and social influence.
social learning
55
What is 'reactance' in social psychology?
A psychological response where individuals feel threatened by perceived restrictions on their freedom, leading them to do the opposite of what is being suggested.
56
Multiple Choice: What is the primary focus of cognitive dissonance theory? A) Group behavior B) Individual beliefs C) Social norms D) Interpersonal communication
B) Individual beliefs
57
What does 'social comparison' involve?
Evaluating oneself in relation to others to gain self-knowledge.
58
True or False: Social identity theory suggests that group membership can enhance self-esteem.
True
59
What is the 'bystander effect'?
The phenomenon whereby individuals are less likely to help a victim when other people are present.
60
Fill in the blank: __________ is the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.
Self-serving bias
61
What does 'deindividuation' refer to?
The loss of self-awareness and individual accountability in groups.
62
Multiple Choice: Which term describes the tendency to view one's own group as superior? A) Ingroup bias B) Outgroup bias C) Groupthink D) Social facilitation
A) Ingroup bias
63
What is 'social facilitation'?
The improved performance of individuals when in the presence of others.
64
True or False: Cognitive dissonance can lead to attitude change.
True
65
What is the definition of 'stereotype threat'?
The risk of confirming negative stereotypes about an individual's social group.
66
Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the process through which people influence each other's attitudes and behaviors.
Social influence
67
What is the 'social impact theory'?
A theory that describes how the likelihood of conformity depends on the strength, immediacy, and number of people in the group.
68
Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes 'ingroup favoritism'? A) Preference for one's own group B) Preference for all groups C) Indifference to group membership D) Dislike for other groups
A) Preference for one's own group
69
What does 'social validation' refer to?
The process of seeking confirmation from others regarding one's beliefs and attitudes.
70
True or False: Social psychology only studies adult behavior.
False
71
What is 'empathy' in social psychology?
The ability to understand and share the feelings of another person.
72
Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the tendency of individuals to perceive themselves more favorably than others.
Self-enhancement

Cuet Pg Psychology (7 decks)

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