Social psychology Flashcards
(31 cards)
What does refer to spin slices of behavior? Ambady and Rosenthal
Accurate judgement of other people based on only a few seconds of observation.
What are attributions?
our explanations for events or actions, including other people’s behavior
What are the types of attributions?
Personal attributions: explain outcomes based on internal factors.
Situational attributions: Explain outcomes based on external factors.
Who originated attribution theory?
Fritz Heider
What did Bernard Weiner noted about attributions?
They can be stable over time (permanent) or unstable (temporary), controllable or uncontrollable.
What hypothesis states that victims must have done something to justify what happened to them?
Just world hypothesis. (everything happens for a reason)
What typical bias exist in attributions?
The fundamental attribution error (overemphasizing the importance of personal factors and underestimate the importance of the situation.
The actor/observer bias: tendency to focus on situations rather than on our personal traits. (when you are the actor you attribute the outcome to the situation and when you are the observer you attribute the outcome to another person’s attributes)
How is called a mental shortcut that allow for easy, fast processing of social information?
Stereotypes (occur unconsciously and are neutral by themselves cause just reflect efficient cognitive process)
What does subtyping mean?
considering an exception someone who doesn’t fit the stereotype rather than reviewing the stereotype itself.
When a stereotype originally not true becomes true, what can influence this change?
Self-fulfilling prophecy (tendency to behave in ways that confirm our own or others’ expectations.
To what can lead negative stereotypes?
Prejudice (negative feelings, opinions and belief associated with the stereotype)
discrimination (inappropriate and unjustified treatment of people based on the groups they belong to)
What is the social identity theory?
our group memberships are an important part of how we view ourselves.
What procedure consists of assigning volunteers to 2 groups by flipping a coin ?
Minimal group paradigm.
What is modern racism
Subtle forms of prejudice that coexist with the rejection of racist belief (often appears as indifference to the concerns of minority than hostility.
Define attitude
People’s evaluation of objects, of events or of ideas. (they are shaped by our social context)
What is the difference bw simple and complex attitude?
Simple attitude: behavior consistent with attitude.
Complex attitude: behavior not consistent with attitude.
How is called the ease or difficulty we have in retrieving an attitude from memory
Attitude accessibility. Attitudes that are easy to access from memory are more stable, predictive of behavior, and resistant to change.
What are the 4 causes of the bystander apathy?
Anonymity,
fear of making a social blunder,
weighing the risks and benefits of helping, expecting others to help,
when one begins to like something due to repeated exposure, it is called …
the mere exposure effect
Define deindividuation
when people are not self aware and not paying attention to their personal standards. (arrive when people are excited and anonymous)
Group often make riskier decision than individual, what effect is this?
risky shift effect
Define group polarization
What the whole group express the dispositions of the majority.
What occur when a group is under intense pressure, facing external threats, or is biased in a particular direction?
groupthink (people may protect the atmosphere of the group rather that the just nature of a decision), happens when dissent is discouraged and when the group doesn’t carefully process all available information.
What are the strategies to avoid groupthink
Assigning someone to play devil’s advocate, exploring pros and cons, and when the leader doesn’t express a too strong opinion at the beginning of a meeting. keep the group small, treat dissenters respectfully, express one’s own idea.
