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psychology 4 -7 > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What is social psychology

A

how people influence other peoples thoughts, feelings and actions

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2
Q

Social Brain Hypothesis

A

primates have large brains (prefrontal cortex’s) because they live in complex social groups

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3
Q

What are the biological and evolutionary benefits of GROUPING

A

increases security from predators ;and hunting and gathering

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4
Q

What is the downside of GROUPING

A

Outgroups are competing for the same resources

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5
Q

Ingroup

A

particular people within same group

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6
Q

Outgroup

A

Those who do not belong to the ingroup

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7
Q

When does ingroup and outgroup behavior begin

A

Infancy

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8
Q

Define Reciprocity

A

person A, helps person B

You scratch my back, I scratch yours

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9
Q

Define Transitivity

A

People share their friends’ opinions of other people

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10
Q

Outgroup homogeneity effect

A

View outgroup members as less varied than ingroup members

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11
Q

Social Identity Theory

A

Ingroups consist of individuals who perceive themselves to be members of the same social category and experience pride through their group membership

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12
Q

What defines the ability to have pride in school, ethnicity, and country: defining yourself by those groups

A

Social Identity

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13
Q

Ingroup favoritism

A

Favoritism to peope in the same group

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14
Q

Women and ingroup bias

A

Female friends tend to be comfortable expressing affection for each other

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15
Q

Important for thinking of other people in group bias’, after minimal group paradign

A

Prefrontal Cortex

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16
Q

Active when people see ingroup member is harmed, less in outgroups

A

Pain regions

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17
Q

The presence of others facilitates enhanced behavior

A

Social Facilitation

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18
Q

The idea that the presence of others generally enhances performance

A

Social Facilitation

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19
Q

People lack self-awareness and therefore do not pay attention to their personal standards (looters, rioters, cheering violent behavior)_

A

DeIndividuation

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20
Q

Group Decision making

Groups that make riskier decisions, than individual decisions

A

Risky-shift effect

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21
Q

Initial attitudes of groups become more extreme over time

A

Group Polarization

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22
Q

Tendency of a group to make a bad decision as a result of preserving the group
maintaining its cohesiveness
increased likeliness when a group is under pressure, facing external threats and is biased in a particular direction

A

Group think

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23
Q

Leaders must refrain from expressing their opinions too strongly at beginning of discussions , carefully go through alternatives and weigh pros and cons

A

Prevention of group think

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24
Q

People who work less hard in a group than working alone

A

Social Loafing

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25
Altered behaviors and opinions to match those of other people or to match other people's expectations
Conformity
26
Reasons why people conform: | Normative Influence
People conform in order to fit in with the group, avoid looking foolish
27
Reasons why people conform: | Informational Influence
Assumption that the behavior of the crowd represents the correct way to respond
28
Social Norms
Expected standards of conduct, appropriate behavior in an appropriate situation,
29
Autokinetic Effect | first part
Stationary point of light appears to move when viewed in a totally dark environment Occurs bc people have no frame of reference and cannot correct for small eye movement
30
Tendency to agree to do things requested by others
To comply
31
Factors that influence Compliance
Mood failure to pay attention conflict avoidance simply given a reason
32
Techniques of Compliance | 1. foot in the door
Agree to small request, comply to a larger one
33
Compliance Technique | 2. Door in the Face
Refuse a large request, likely to comply with a smaller request
34
Compliance Technique | 3. Low-Balling
Agree to buy a product for a certain price, likely to comply with a request to pay more for the product
35
Does social norms marketing reduce binge drinking
NO, light drinkers try to drink more to keep up with heavy drinker
36
Define obediance
When a person follows the orders of a person or authority
37
Define Aggression
Behavior that involves the intention to harm another
38
situational factors that affect aggression
- observational learning - social rejection - ostracized or rejection - desire to retaliate - heat - negative emotions
39
Biological factors that effect aggression
MAOA gene Serotonine Testosterone
40
Social and Cultural factors that effect aggression
Honor culture, | Drives people to commit violent acts
41
Prosocial behaviors
Actions that tend to benefit others, such as doing favors or helping
42
Why are humans prosocial
selflessness biological motivated by empathy empathetic response
43
Define Altruism
providing help when it is needed without any apparent reward
44
Inclusive Fitness
Explains Altruism, focuses on adaptive benefit of transmitting genes Kin selection, rather than individual survival
45
Reciprical helping
One may help another because the other may return the favor | benefits must outweigh the cost
46
Bystander-intervention effect
Failure to offer help by those who observe someone in need when other people are present
47
4 reasons for Bystander Intervention effect
1. Diffusion of responsibility 2. fear of social blunders 3. Anonymous 4. People who weigh two factors harm risk benefit risk
48
Attitude
Peoples evaluation of objects, events, or of ideas
49
Mere exposure effect
Idea that greater exposure to a stimulus leads to greater liking for it Used to seeing self in a mirror
50
Attitudes are shaped by.....
Classical conditioning: advertising Operant conditioning: good grades each time you study Socialization: Caregivers, peers, teachers and religious leaders.
51
Attitude Accessibility
Ease or difficulty that a person has in retrieving an attitude
52
Explicit Attitude
you know about and can report to other people
53
Implicit Attitude
Influence their feelings and behaviors at an unconscious level form memory faster
54
Nonverbal behavior
facial expressions, gestures, mannerisms and movements by which one communicates with others
55
Attributions
Peoples explanation for why events of actions occur
56
Personal Attributions
Explanations of peoples behavior that refer to their internal characteristics, abilities, traits, moods or efforts
57
Situational Attributions
Explanation of peoples behavior that refer to external events, such as weather, luck, accidents or other peoples actions
58
Fundamental attribution error
other peoples behaviors, the tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underestimate situational factors.
59
Actor/observer discrepancy
People focus on situations to explain their own behavior while focusing on dispositions to explain other peoples behavior
60
Prejudice
Negative feelings, opinions and beliefs associated with a stereotype.
61
Discrimination
Inappropriate and unjustified treatment of people as a result of prejudice
62
Modern Racism
subtle forms of prejudice that coexist with the rejection of racist beliefs. Tend to believe that discrimination is no longer a serious problem
63
Perspective taking
Involves people actively contemplating the psychological experiences of other people
64
Perspective Giving
People share their experiences of being targets of discrimination

psychology 4 -7 (1 decks)

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