Social Psychology - Mean Girls, 12 Angry Men, Black Panther

Question 1

Attribution

Answer 1

The process where people explain the causes for behaviors and events

Question 2

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 2

• tendency to explain others’ actions as stemming from disposition even when there is a clear situational cause
• people think of others in terms of global traits and tend to discount external causes of behavior

Question 3

Actor-Observer Effect

Answer 3

• tendency to attribute one’s own actions to situational causes
• attributing others’ actions to dispositional causes
• different from fundamental attribution error in that it focuses on both others and self

Question 4

Self-Serving Bias

Answer 4

• explains one’s own successes on internal, dispositional factors
• explains failures on external, situational factors

Question 5

Belief in a Just World

Answer 5

• the assumption that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Question 6

Stereotypes

Answer 6

Beliefs (cognitive) about social groups in terms of traits they are believed to share

Question 7

Prejudice

Answer 7

Negative attitudes (affective) towards the members of a specific social group

Question 8

Discrimination

Answer 8

Negative behaviors (behavioral) directed towards members of different social groups

Question 9

Aversive Racism

Answer 9

Conscious belief that one supports egalitarian principles, but harbors implicit negative associations towards other groups

Question 10

Social Domain Theory

Answer 10

• domain of social knowledge that is constructed from social interactions and social experiences in childhood

1. Morality
2. Social
3. Psychological

Question 11

Morality (Social Domain Theory)

Answer 11

Concerned with justice and rights

Question 12

Social (Social Domain Theory)

Answer 12

Rules and traditions that direct social interactions with the in group and out group

Question 13

Psychological/Personal (Social Domain Theory)

Answer 13

Personal choice, choosing a purpose in life

Question 14

Attitudes

Answer 14

Psychological construct that characterizes a person

Question 15

Explicit Attitudes

Answer 15

• consciously accessible
• controllable and easy to report
• rational, slow system

Question 16

Implicit Attitudes

Answer 16

• unconscious association

* experiential, fast system

Question 17

Self-esteem

Answer 17

• one’s overall attitude towards the self
• the degree to which the self is perceived positively or negatively, stable or unstable
• it may vary across contexts

Question 18

Implicit Self-esteem

Answer 18

• person’s evaluation of themselves in a spontaneous, unconscious manner

Question 19

Explicit Self-esteem

Answer 19

conscious and reflective thoughts on self

Question 20

Implicit Associations Test

Answer 20

• designed to test people’s subconscious associations
• relating words to other stimuli as fast as possible
• only tests reaction time

Question 21

Narcissism

Answer 21

A disorder where a person has a greatly inflated sense of self

Question 22

Function of Gossip

Answer 22

Supports social cohesion by spreading reputational information

Question 23

Bullying

Answer 23

• bullying tends to increase self-esteem

* involves repeatedly harming and humiliating others

Question 24

Relational Aggression

Answer 24

Harm caused by damaging others’ social relationships or social status

Question 25

Conformity

Answer 25

Matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms

Question 26

Social Identity Theory

Answer 26

* theory concerned with the consequences of perceiving the self as a member of a social group and identifying with it * people easily divide the social world into an in group and the out group * people considered part of the in group are viewed more favorably than the out group

Question 27

Personal vs. Social Identity Continuum

Answer 27

There are two distinct ways we view ourselves, individual or social

Question 28

Contact Hypothesis

Answer 28

* increased contact can decrease prejudice by increasing familiarity * causes recognized similarities between groups * cross group friendships can reduce anxiety associated with interacting with the out group

Question 29

Normative Social Influence

Answer 29

Social influence based on the desire to be liked and accepted

Question 30

Informational Social Influence

Answer 30

* social influence based on the desire to be right * looks to others to tell what the correct thing is * especially strong when the task is important and difficulty is high

Question 31

Systematic Processing

Answer 31

* central route * involves careful consideration of message content and ideas * argument strength matters

Question 32

Heuristic Processing

Answer 32

* peripheral route * involves the use of simple rules and shortcuts * argument strength does not matter

Question 33

Central Route to Persuation

Answer 33

Case where people elaborate on a persuasive communication by listening to and carefully thinking about arguments • occurs when people have both the ability and the motivation to listen carefully to a communication

Question 34

Peripheral Route to Persuasion

Answer 34

case where people do not elaborate on arguments in a persuasive communication but are swayed by peripheral cues

Question 35

Minority Influence

Answer 35

* can influence majorities provided they are consistent and flexible, considering all arguments * must have strong opinions to defend their positions

Question 36

Group Polarization

Answer 36

While in a group setting amongst like minded people, individuals are more likely to shift to an extreme opinion

Question 37

Implicit Personality Theory

Answer 37

Describes the way people use biases to form judgements based on a little initial information about someone