SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY - THE SELF

Question 1

Whats the red smudge study?

Answer 1

The Red Smudge Study by Jones & Harris (1967) explored how minor, irrelevant features (like a red smudge on someone’s face) influence our overall judgments of a person.
Findings: Participants rated people with a red smudge less favorably, demonstrating the halo effect, where one small flaw or trait affects our perception of other characteristics (like likability or competence).

Question 2

Whats the looking glass self?

Answer 2

Often a big difference between the actual self ad the self we construct based on what we think others see of us

Question 3

Whats the self-enhancing triad?

Answer 3

• overestimate good points
• overestimate control
• unrealistically optimistic

Question 4

Whats self -knowledge?

Answer 4

• stored in many ‘self schemas’
• different aspects of our selves so if one slef schema fails we use another to bolster our self-esteem

Question 5

Whats Self-Discrepancy Theory?

Answer 5

Tory Higgins
Actual self
Ideal self (strive for)
Ought self (strive to avoid not reaching)
Ideal and ought are self guides

Question 6

What does self-regulation reduce?

Answer 6

Discrepancy between our actual self and the ideal self

Question 7

Who talks about social comparison?

Answer 7

Festinger

Question 8

Explain social comparison?

Answer 8

Comparison with simialr others not suitable for performance measure
Comparison with similar others validates our opinions

Upward comparison (to someone better) can motivate or hurt self-esteem.
Downward comparison (to someone worse) can boost self-esteem.

Question 9

Who talks about social comparison and self - enhancement?

Answer 9

Medvec, Marley and gilovick

Question 10

What does Allen, knipler and chan argue about?

Answer 10

Analysis of Rio 2016 athletes who reach the podium in photos and interviews
Differences in pics of happiness

Question 11

Whats the self-evaluation maintenance/

Answer 11

The Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model (Tesser, 1988) explains how we maintain self-esteem in relation to others’ successes — we feel better or worse depending on how close we are to the person and how relevant their success is to our own identity

Question 12

Self - categorisation theory?

Answer 12

Group comparisons so that you choose
membership of a group that suits at the time
to maintain self-esteem
 e.g. Not a bad salary for a woman but pretty poor for
a graduate

Question 13

Explain self presentation and impression management?

Answer 13

People use strategies to get others to see them in a positive light
Motives can be either strategic or expressive

Question 14

Whats the five motives y jones and Pittman?

Answer 14

Self promotion
Intimidation
Ingratation
Exemplification
Supplication

Question 15

What did they find about the atheletes happiness

Answer 15

Gold
Bronze
Silver

Question 16

Whats self conceptual consequences?

Answer 16

Self-conceptual consequences are the effects that events or feedback have on how we see ourselves — they influence our self-image, identity, and self-esteem.

Observer believ actor is an extrovert
- Perception and interpretation of actor’s behaviour are selectively biased so that the actor’s behaviour is seen to confirm expectations
• The actor is treated as an extrovert
• The actor’s behaviour is constrained such that they can’t help but
behave in ways other than extrovert
• Actor’s behaviour becomes more extrovert
• Actor perceives self as an extrover

Question 17

The 4 tactics to win a friends

Answer 17

1. Be similar but credible
2. Be selectively modest
3. Use the strategy sparingly
4. Discuss winning connections