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Social Pyschology Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

define obedience

A

change in an individuals behaviour to comply with a direct order from an authority figure

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2
Q

Aim on Milgram

A

see what level of obedience would be shown when told by a legitimate authority figure to administer shocks to another person

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3
Q

Procedure of Milgram

A
  • 40 males ages 20-50
  • volunteer sampling (advertisement)
  • $4.50
  • Yale
    Explain experiment
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4
Q

Results of Milgram

A

-100% to 300v , 65% to 450v
-nervous laughter, trembled , 3 had seizures

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5
Q

Conclusion of Milgram

A

Most important factor determining obedience is situation

“Obedience isn’t a feature of German culture but a universal feature of human behaviour “

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6
Q

Methodological

A

Reliability
Objectivity
Subjectivity
Internal validity
Ecological validity
Generalisability

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7
Q

Acronyms for each command

A

DESCRIBING a STUDY = APRC
EVALUATING a STUDY = ROSIEG
EVALUATING a THEORY = RUNSCAR

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8
Q

Agentic state

A

individual follows an order from a legitimate authority figure , they take no responsibility for consequences of actions , act as an agent

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9
Q

Moral strain

A

negative feeling caused by doing something we believe is morally wrong but feel compelled to do

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10
Q

Autonomous state

A

Individual acts out of free will , they take responsibility for the consequences of thier actions

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11
Q

Burger study ethics

A
  • only went to 150v
  • immediately debriefed
  • clinical psych supervised all trials
  • screened before trial
  • 3 reminders that they can leave - still get $50
  • approved by Santa Clara University review board
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12
Q

Aim of Burger

A

Replicate Milgrams experiment in an ethical way to compare findings
- if his findings were era-bound
- if obedience is affected by gender
- if theres less obedience if refusal is modelled by someone slse

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13
Q

Procedure of Burger

A
  • volunteer sampling (advertisement)
  • screened for …
  • 29 men , 41 women ages 20-81
  • $50
  • stopped at 150v (point of no return)
  • immediately debriefed
  • condition 1 = same , heart condition mentioned at 150v
  • condition 2 = modelled refusal , teacher swaps with participant at 90v
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14
Q

Results of Burger

A

condition 1 - 70% burger , 82.5% milgram
condition 2 - 63.3% burger , 82.5% milgram

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15
Q

Conclusion of Burger

A

Milgrams results are still valid , obedience still influenced by situational factors
- not era-bound
- dont differ by gender

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16
Q

define social impact

A

effect that real or imagined people can have on our behavior

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17
Q

mathematical equation for social impact

A

i=f(SIN)

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18
Q

define division of impact

A

social impact is reduced if there are more targets than sources

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19
Q

define diffusion of responsibility

A

feeling less responsible for behavior as number of people increases

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20
Q

run down office block (10)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • conducted in a 3 room office suite in a run down office building in Bridgeport
  • no longer associated with Yale University and was carried out by the Research Association of Bridgeport
  • 100% to 300v , 47.5% to 450v
21
Q

telephonic instruction (7)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 22.5% to 450v
  • gave lower shocks as they felt they weren’t being watched
  • shows physical presence of authority affects obedience
22
Q

ordinary man gives orders (13)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 13 - 20% to 450v
  • 13a - protests and tried to stop him
  • replaced with ordinary man
23
Q

Define prejudice

Study These Flashcards
A

Biased Attitude formed upon little or no prior information about a person or group

24
Q

Define discrimination

Study These Flashcards
A

Action that occurs due to prejudice whereby we treat a person or group differently based upon our beliefs about them

25
negative interdependence
where 2 groups are seeking to achieve a goal only one can achieve
26
define zero sum
only one person can win , one has to loose
27
what are superordinate goals
a shared goal that can only be achieved by intergroup cooperation
28
what is positive interdependence
neither group can reach their goal unless the other reaches theirs
29
RUNSCAR
Refuting evidence Useful applications Nature v nurture Supporting evidence Credibility Alternative explanations Reductionism
30
Sherif Aim
explore how competition of group goals can lead to prejudice attitudes towards an outgroup and increase ingroup solidarity
31
Sherif Sample
- 22 boys age 11 - middle class backgrounds - protestant - similar education
32
Sherif Procedure
- field experiment (robbers cave state park) , unaware of study - parental consent - divided into groups of equivalent ability - separately transported to cabins - observations , tape recordings , sociometric analyses - 3 stages = ingroup formation , friction stage , integration phase
33
ingroup formation
- groups were unaware of each others existence - formation of group norms and relationships - bonding activities - observed relations , status , roles - strong group identity - social norms formed - clear leader present
34
friction phase
- groups made aware of each other - became hostile - experimenter designed competitive activities - psychologists dressed up as camp workers - discrimination - aggressive behavior - 6.4% rattlers friends with eagles - 7.5% eagles friends with rattlers
35
integration phase
- increased contact - after 7 failed attempts superordinate goals were introduced - water shortage , broken food truck , movie ,money - breakdown of original ingroups - bonded , wanted to share a bus back - outgroup friendships increased , 36.4% rattlers friends with eagles , 23.2% eagles friends with rattlerS
36
Sherif Conclusion
- groups develop status hierarchies and norms - intergroup competition leads to outgroup hostility - social contact isnt enough to reduce prejudice , superordinate goals are needed
37
according to tajfel what are the 3 processes for the development of prejudice
- social categorisation - social identification - social comparison
38
AO3 of social identity theory
- overlooks individual differences - doesn't take personality into account (Adornos) - can be applied to explain radicalisation (psych in society) - isolates group memberships as the main factor , not considering the interactions between groupings
39
AO3 + of questionnaires
- standardised - cheap + quick - quantitative if closed Qs - internal validity - can study opinions
40
AO3 - of questionaries
- may not be generalisable - response bias - subjectivity when analysing results (if opinions) - demand characteristics
41
obedience individual + development
I - personality + gender D - gender + culture
42
obedience individual
- locus of control (rotter 1966) - authoritarian personality (adorno 1950)
43
obedience developmental
- social learning theory - collectivistic/individualistic - PDI
44
prejudice individual
- right wing authoritarianism - five personality
45
what are the 3 types of interviews + data
structured - predetermined closed Qs , quantitative semi structured - predetermined and probe Qs , quantitative and qualitative unstructured - topic for discussion , qualitative
46
define social identity
self concept formed from how we view ourself in relation to membership of our social group
47
social categorisation
belonging to a specific group (in-group) and all others are out-groups, this process involves stereotyping
48
social identification
taking on norms and attitudes of our in-group, strong group identity forms due to shared norms
49
social comparison
occurs with out-groups when we see in-group as better forming in-group favouritism so make us the best, to do this unfair comments are made to boost self esteem causing prejudice/discrimination, doesn't happen with people we don't know or aren't relevant in our lifes

Psychology (4 decks)

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