Social Review 1 - 4 Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
What is the role of the Executive Branch in Canada’s federal political system?
A
Responsible for proposing and putting laws into action
Includes the Prime Minister (PM) and Cabinet.
2
Q
Who must be elected as the leader of a political party to become the Prime Minister?
A
Must be elected as leader of political party, then member of parliament
Their political party must win most seats in House of Commons.
3
Q
What does the Cabinet in Canada’s government include?
A
People in charge of government departments and agencies
Members belong to leading political parties in the House of Commons and are either Members of Parliament (MPs) or senators.
4
Q
What is the primary function of the Legislative Branch in Canada’s government?
A
Makes laws
Includes House of Commons, the Senate, and the governor general.
5
Q
What is the major law-making body in Canada?
A
House of Commons
Members of the House of Commons debate, study, and vote on laws proposed for Canada, called bills.
6
Q
How are Members of Parliament (MPs) chosen?
A
Elected by voters
MPs represent voters of one riding.
7
Q
What determines if a political party forms a majority or minority government in the House of Commons?
A
More than half of the seats = majority government; less than half = minority
Other parties form the opposition.
8
Q
What are members of the Senate called?
A
Senators
Senators are not elected; the Prime Minister appoints them.
9
Q
What languages are used in all proceedings of the House of Commons?
A
French & English
This bilingual nature ensures accessibility for all Canadians.
10
Q
Fill in the blank: The _______ includes the Prime Minister and Cabinet.
A
Executive Branch
11
Q
True or False: Members of the Senate are elected.
A
False
Senators are appointed by the Prime Minister.
12
Q
What is the age limit for members of the political party in Canada?
A
Members can remain in office until age 75.
13
Q
What is the role of Senators in Canada?
A
Senators represent interests and rights of Canada’s regions and minorities.
14
Q
Can Senators propose laws?
A
Senators can propose laws but usually only look at those that have gone through the House of Commons.
15
Q
What is the role of the Senate regarding legislation?
A
The Senate gives careful reconsideration to all legislation proposed in Canada.
16
Q
What types of laws can Senators not propose?
A
Senators cannot propose laws that create or spend taxes.
17
Q
What power do Senators have over bills from the House of Commons?
A
Senators can reject bills from the House of Commons.
18
Q
Who is the current Governor General of Canada?
A
The current Governor General is Mary Simon.
19
Q
What is the role of the Governor General in Canada?
A
The Governor General represents Britain’s monarch in Canada and is part of both the executive and legislative branches of government.
20
Q
Who is the formal head of state in Canada?
A
England’s king is the formal head of state in Canada, but does not play an active role in Canada’s government.
21
Q
What does the judicial branch in Canada include?
A
The judicial branch includes Canada’s courts of law.
22
Q
What is the highest court in Canada?
A
The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court.
23
Q
How are Members of Parliament (MPs) elected?
A
MPs are elected by voters and they make up the House of Commons.
24
Q
What is the main job of the judicial branch?
A
The main job is to make sure rights of Canadians are respected.
25
How are Senators appointed?
Senators are appointed by the Prime Minister to represent their region or minority group.
26
To whom are Members of Parliament accountable?
MPs are accountable to the political party they belong to and their constituents.
27
To whom are Senators accountable?
Senators are accountable to the Prime Minister who appointed them and the region and minority they represent.
28
What is the role of political parties in Canada's federal political system?
Political parties are formally recognized as organizations that put forward candidates in elections and seek to form the government.
29
What do political parties develop?
Each party develops policies based on the shared values of its members to respond to issues.
30
What is the role of the media in relation to political issues?
The media informs Canadians of political issues.
31
What opportunities does limited media provide citizens?
It allows citizens to communicate their needs and concerns about political issues.
32
How can the media influence citizens' views?
The media can be biased or influenced and may try to persuade citizens' views.
33
What is the role of a lobbyist?
A lobbyist is someone hired by a group to influence MPs and government officials.
34
What is required of lobbyists in Canada?
Lobbyists must register so everyone knows who they are and who they represent.
35
What do lobbyists provide to government officials?
They provide different perspectives and in-depth expertise on many issues.
36
What does the Federal Accountability Act require from lobbyists?
It requires lobbyists to record which MPs and government officials they meet with.
37
How do elected officials represent Canadians?
Some people involved in political processes are elected by voters and represent Canadians.
38
What is the role of Senators in representing Canadians?
Senators are appointed to represent interests and rights of Canada's regions and minorities.
39
What do Cabinet Ministers do?
They control departments and agencies to try to meet the needs of Canadians.
40
What is the role of the Judicial branch?
It ensures that things are done lawfully and properly.
41
Who is eligible for jury duty in Canada?
Anyone 18 and older and a Canadian citizen is eligible for jury duty.
42
Who is not eligible for jury duty?
Some people, such as those convicted of certain crimes, are not eligible.
43
What is the responsibility of those summoned for jury duty?
It is their responsibility to go, which may include taking time off work or rebooking appointments.
44
Do employees have to pay for time off for jury duty?
Employees must be given time off for jury duty, but they do not have to be paid.
45
When can people be excused from jury duty?
They can be excused only if they demonstrate that it would cause them undue hardship.
46
What do the John Howard Society and Elizabeth Fry Society do?
They work independently of the government to address the reasons that crime is happening.
47
What type of education do advocacy groups provide?
They provide public education about laws and the justice system, including the Youth Criminal Justice Act.
48
How do advocacy groups assist those who have broken the law?
They help individuals return to their communities by assisting with jobs and housing.
49
What type of meetings do advocacy groups sometimes arrange?
They sometimes arrange meetings between victims and offenders to help everyone move forward.
50
What is the focus of the Elizabeth Fry Society?
The Elizabeth Fry Society focuses on justice issues for women and girls.
51
What does the John Howard Society do?
The John Howard Society works with everyone.
52
What can youth face under the Youth Criminal Justice Act?
Youth can face consequences from Youth Justice Committees.
53
What is the role of Youth Justice Committees?
They involve community volunteers working with young offenders to address harm caused by breaking the law.
54
What does the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) aim to do?
The YCJA aims to treat youth differently than adults who break the law.
55
When was the Youth Criminal Justice Act passed?
The Youth Criminal Justice Act was passed by parliament in 2003.
56
What age group does the Youth Criminal Justice Act deal with?
It deals with 12- to 17-year-olds in trouble with the law.
57
What consequences can young offenders face under the YCJA?
Young offenders may face consequences such as counselling and community service.
58
What is prohibited for youths aged 12 to 14 under the YCJA?
Adult sentences are prohibited for youths aged 12 to 14.
59
What does the YCJA protect regarding young offenders?
It protects the privacy of young offenders; their names may not be published unless they receive an adult sentence.
60
What does the Criminal Code of Canada allow for young offenders?
It allows most young offenders to avoid a criminal record.
61
What is the usual consequence for breaking the law according to the Criminal Code of Canada?
Going to court is the usual consequence for breaking the law.
62
What does the Criminal Code of Canada define regarding adult sentences?
It defines adult sentences, which can include long periods of imprisonment for some crimes.
63
What does the Criminal Code of Canada allow regarding publication of offenders' names?
It allows the publication of offenders' names.
64
What does the Criminal Code of Canada create for most offenders?
It creates a criminal record for most offenders.
65
What is the purpose of the YCUA?
To prevent crime by addressing the circumstances underlying a young person's offending behaviour, rehabilitate young people who commit offences, and ensure meaningful consequences for their actions.
66
What kind of support might a young person need under the YCUA?
Counselling for alcohol or drug abuse, or help coping with a family situation.
67
How does the YCUA promote positive choices for young offenders?
By providing them with skills to make positive choices and helping them find ways to participate in their community, such as joining a sports team or community-action group.
68
How are young offenders treated differently than adults under the YCUA?
Young offenders are recognized for their reduced levels of maturity and are not held to the same consequences as adults.
69
What is an example of a consequence for a young person who damages property?
They should explain themselves to the person they wronged and repair or replace the property.
70
What are some fundamental freedoms protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
Freedom to express opinions, choose religion, organize peaceful meetings, and associate with any person or group.
71
What democratic rights are guaranteed by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
The right to vote for members of the House of Commons and provincial legislatures, and the right to vote for a new government at least every five years.
72
What are Mobility Rights?
The right to move anywhere within Canada and to earn a living there; right to enter, stay in, or leave Canada.
73
What are Legal Rights?
The right to be free of imprisonment, search and seizure without reasons backed by law and evidence; right to a fair and quick public trial by an impartial court that assumes that you are innocent until proven guilty.
74
What are Equality Rights?
The right to be free of discrimination because of race, national or ethnic origin, religion, gender, age, or mental or physical disability.
75
How does the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms support individuals in exercising their rights?
It allows Canadians to challenge things that they think go against their rights and freedoms.
76
How has the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms affected conditions in the workplace?
It has provided equal opportunity for jobs and no discrimination in pay or anything else based on age, gender, race, or religion.
77
What is the relationship between the rights guaranteed in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the responsibilities of Canadian citizens?
It is our responsibility to follow the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and use it to support your own rights and freedoms. Sometimes they don't go together, like with the Anti-Terrorism Act which prevented some people from flying based on name, ethnicity, or religion.
78
How has the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms fostered recognition of collective rights in Canada?
It has led to acts, treaties, and laws to recognize groups, reflecting the idea of mutual respect among peoples.
79
How does the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms meet the needs of Francophones in minority settings?
Section 23 of the Charter grants a French-speaking or English-speaking minority population of sufficient size in any province the right to publicly funded schools that serve their language and community.
80
How many publicly funded Francophone schools are there in Alberta?
Alberta has 34 publicly funded Francophone schools.
81
How does the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms meet the needs of Francophones in Québec?
Bill 101, passed in 1977, protects and promotes the use of the French Language in Quebec, but it does not fully align with the Charter.
82
What does Bill 101 require regarding the use of French and English in Quebec?
The law can require signs to use French but cannot prohibit English; it can require French to be more prominent than English.
83
Can Francophone parents educate their children in Anglophone schools in Quebec?
No, this violates the intent of section 23 to protect Francophone identity as a minority culture in Canada. However, immigrant parents can if their children have received some education in English.
84
What factors influence the support for official language minorities in Canada?
Factors include first language, country of origin, heritage, residence in Canada, and personal beliefs.
85
What does the Charter of Rights and Freedoms state about equality and difference?
It states that individuals can be equal and different at the same time.
86
How does the Indian Act recognize the status and identity of Aboriginal peoples?
It allows the federal government to develop policies for Treaty rights and affirms collective rights of First Nations.
87
What role do 'Indian Agents' play under the Indian Act?
Indian Agents are officials for each reserve who decide how the government fulfills its duties.
88
What does the Indian Act define regarding 'status Indian'?
It defines who may be registered as a 'status Indian' with Treaty rights, with the government controlling these decisions.
89
What was the original purpose of the Indian Act regarding First Nations rights?
It aimed to assimilate First Nations people by restricting rights such as travel, traditional dress, and ceremonies.
90
What requirement did the Indian Act impose on First Nations people until 1960?
It required them to give up their legal identity and Treaty rights to gain the right to vote.
91
Have First Nations pressured the government to revise the Indian Act?
Yes, First Nations have pressured the government to revise the Indian Act several times, but it remains in place today.
92
How do Treaties 6, 7, and 8 recognize the status and identity of Aboriginal peoples?
The Numbered Treaties have roots in the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which recognized First Nations rights to land and established the principle of making treaties through peaceful negotiation.
93
What terms did Canada's government agree to in the treaties with First Nations?
Canada's government agreed to terms covering First Nations' education, reserves, annuities, and other matters, with variations for each Treaty.
94
Did all First Nations peoples sign the treaties?
Not all First Nations peoples signed Treaties.
95
What differing perspectives exist regarding the interpretation of the Treaties?
Canada's government believed that First Nations gave up their land under the Treaties, while many First Nations people disagree, viewing land as something that cannot be owned or given up.
96
How do governments recognize Métis cultures and rights through legislation?
Unlike First Nations, the Métis do not have any historic treaties with Canada's government.
97
What did the Manitoba Act of 1870 establish for the Métis?
The Manitoba Act established Manitoba as a bilingual province and granted the Métis some land rights.
98
How much land did the Métis receive in addition to their established farms?
The Métis received 500,000 hectares of land in addition to the farms they had established along the Red River.
99
What was issued by Canada's government between 1875-1879 instead of specific land for the Métis?
Canada's government issued scrip, a document that could be exchanged for land.
100
What did the Métis Population Betterment Act of 1938 achieve?
It established twelve temporary Métis settlements, marking the first time a government provided the Métis with land.
101
What recognition did the 1982 constitutional update provide for the Métis?
It included section 35, which recognizes the Métis as one of Canada's Aboriginal peoples with rights.
102
What rights were granted to Métis settlements in 1990?
The Alberta government gave the Métis settlements permanent land and the right to manage their own affairs.
103
What acts were involved in the recognition of Métis rights in 1990?
The Constitution of Alberta Amendment Act, Métis Settlements Accord Implementation Act, Métis Settlements Act, and Métis Settlements Land Protection Act.
104
What ruling did the Supreme Court make in 2003 regarding the Métis?
The Supreme Court ruled that the Métis have the right to hunt and fish as one of Canada's Aboriginal peoples under the constitution.
105
What recognition did the Alberta government provide in 2004 for Métis hunting and fishing?
The Alberta government recognized Métis hunting and fishing rights, allowing them to hunt and fish for food without needing a license.
