Social Studies 30-1 Flashcards
Flash cards to help prepare for diploma final. (155 cards)
1
Q
Define : Fascism
A
A political and economic system in which the government has complete control over society.
2
Q
Define : Belief
A
A principle, philosophy or code that defines what is important or desirable.
3
Q
class system
A
the division of a society into different classes of people, usually based on income or wealth
4
Q
Define: Collective Identity
A
Shared characteristics of a group of people. For example, everyone born in Canada is a Canadian.
5
Q
industrialization
A
the stage of economic development during which the application of technology results in mass production and mass consumption within a country
6
Q
consensus decision making
A
a process whereby a group of individuals share ideas, solutions, and concerns to find a resolution to a problem that all members of the group can accept
7
Q
Anti-Terrorism Act
A
a set of laws passed in Decemeber 2001, in response to the 9/11 attacks
8
Q
republican
A
a form of government where governing authority is vested in the hands of the representatives of the citizens and a ruling monarch
9
Q
mutually assured destruction (MAD)
A
a situation that would result from an unwinnable nuclear war
10
Q
private property
A
something that is owned by an individual, including real estate, other forms of physical possessions, and intellectual property
11
Q
“war on terror”
A
a military, political, and ideological conflict headed by the US, which was a direct result of the 9/11, terrorist attacks on that country
12
Q
Define: Reactionary
A
Opposed to progressive social or political change.
13
Q
Define: Nazism
A
Ideology of the National Socialist Party (Nazi Party) of Germany who`s leader was Adolf Hitler.
14
Q
Define :Self Interest
A
Placing your own needs or desires before those of others
15
Q
protest
A
a statement of dissent
16
Q
welfare state
A
a state in which the economy is capitalist, but the government uses polices that directly/indirectly modify the market forces in order to ensure economic stability and a basic standard of living for its citizens, isually through social programs
17
Q
emancipation
A
freeing from restraint, especially legal, social, or political
18
Q
stagflation
A
an economic condition where stagnation and high inflation occur at the same time
19
Q
physiocrats
A
a group of Enlightenment philosophers in France who criticized the prevailing economics of mercantilism (believed government should leave business entrepreneurs alone to follow their natural self-interest)
20
Q
Define: Societal Norms
A
Culturally established rules prescribing appropriate behavior.
21
Q
laissez-faire
A
non-interference or non-intervention. (supports free markets and an individual’s right to own private property)
22
Q
enclosure
A
the act of enclosing. land that had been held in common becomes the private property of an individual
23
Q
party solidarity
A
a requiremnt that all party members vote with their party, except in rare instances when the party leadership explicitly frees them from this obligation, in what is known as a free vote
24
Q
dictatorship of the proletariat
A
the theoritical organization of a communist society in the earlt stages of communism
25
humanist
someone who believes in the supremacy of reason of individuals over faith and who has developed an interpretation of history and beliefs about human nature, the structure of society, and the purpose of life, based on reason rather than religion
26
election fraud
changing the true results of an election by various means
27
deterrence
the Cold War foreign policy of both major powers aiming to deter the strategic advances of the other through arms development and arms build up.
28
economic freedom
the freedom to buy what you want and to sell your labour, idea, or product to whomever you wish.
29
dissuasion
french word for deterrence
30
enemy aliens
non-citizens who come from an enemy country
31
New Deal
economic policies put inj place by Roosevelt which gave the government a more significant role in the regulation of the economy and in providing social "safety net" programs
32
Define: Communism
a political, social and economic system in which property is collectively owned and each citizen works for the common good according to his or her abilities and receives according to his or her needs.
33
Define: Liberalism
The name given to a number of ideologies committed to the principle of dignity and worth of every person as the foundation of society.
34
worldview
a collection of beliefs about life and the universe held by an indicidual or group
35
oligarchy
a form of government in which political power rests with a small elite segment of society
36
red scare
an intense fear of communism that overcame the mojority of the American population during WWII, influencing everything from movies and television to national security
37
Great Depression
an economic crisis that began in late 1929 with the stock market crash and continued through the 1930's.
38
utopian socialists
humanitarians who advocated an end to the appalling conditions of the average worker in the industrial capitalist countries of the 19th century
39
capitalism (laissez-faire capitalism)
an economic system based on free markets, fair competition, wise consumers, and profit-motivated producers
40
individual rights and freedoms
a key principle of individualism and an important feature of liberal demoncracies
41
limited government
the principle of little government involvement in the affairs of an economy, in the belief that this results in more efficient self-regulating markets
42
USA Patriot Act
controversial legislation passed by the US government in 2001 to deter and punish terrorist acts in the US. (some americans argue the act is a threat to personal liberties)
43
Marxism
a radical form of socialism, often called scientific socialism or communism to distinguish it from other socialist ideologies
44
War Measures Act
a Canadian law that gave the federal cabinet emergency powers for circumstances where it determines that the threat of war, invasion, or insurrection, real or apprehended exists
45
military dictatorship
a form of government in which political power resides with the military leadership
46
collective interest
the set of interests that memebers of a group have in common
47
labour standards
government enforced rules and standards aimed at safe, clean, wo`rking enviroments, and the protection of workers' rights to free association, collectibe bargaining, and freedom from discrimination
48
urbanization
an increase in the number of people residing in cities and an extension of urban boundaries to include areas that were previously rural
49
illiberal
ideologies opposed to the values, beliefs, and principles of liberalism
50
labour movement
the effort by organized labour to improve conditions for workers
51
pacifism
a commitment to peace and opposition to war
52
collectivization
an economic policy where all land is taken away from private owners and combined in large, collectively worked farms
53
authoritarianism
a form of government with authority vested in an elite group that may or may not rule in the interests of the people
54
perspective
the outlook of a particular group of people with the same age, culture, economics, faith, language, or other shared quality
55
competition
the act or an instance of competing or contending with other. (eg. for supermacy, a position, or prize)
56
universal suffrage
the right to all members of society, once they reach the age of accountability, to participate politically
57
direct demoncracy
a form of government in which the people participate in deciding issues directly
58
mercantilism
an economic theory that says the aim of all economic pursuits should be to strengthen the power and wealth of the state
59
proxy war
conflicts in which on superpower provides support to a group or state that opposes the rival superpower
60
public property
anything not privately owned by individuals
61
iron curtain
sa phase coined by Winston Churchill in 1947 that refers to the barrier in Europe between self governing, pro democratic, pro capitalist countries of the West and countries in pro Soviet Eastern Europe under communist Soviet control
62
non-alignment
the position raken during the Cold War by those countries in the UN that did not form an alliance with either the US or Soviet Union
63
satellite state
a state that is formally independent but is dominated by another more powerful state
64
Define: Personal Identities
A set of characteristics that connect or set people apart from others.
65
postmodernism
a movement of thought, art, and criticism that raises questions about the faith that moderns have in reason and in progress, and tries to get people to rethink their assumptions about the meaning of modern life
66
superpower
a state that has great power and influence
67
human rights
also knmown as "natural rights", the rights and freedoms to which humans are entitled
68
define: Extremism
A person who has fanatical or immoderate views and beliefs.
69
single-member constituency
an electorial process wherby each constituency sends a single representative to the legislature
70
conscientious objection
the refusal to perform military service on moral or religious grounds
71
trickle-down economics
government economic policies that include reduced income and buisness taxes, reduced regulation, and increased government spending on the military
72
proportional representation
a system of government where citizens vote directly for a party, and then representatives are assigned based on the amount of popular support obtained
73
espionage
the practice of spying or using of spies
74
Define: Collective Norms
Culturally established rules prescribing appropriate behavior.
75
neo-consevatism
an ideology that emerged in the US during the 1950's and 60's as a reaction against modern liberal principles
76
Define : Common Good
The welfare of society as a whole
77
naturalization
the process of applying for citizenship and becoming a citizen
78
citizenship
membership by birth or naturalization in a society, community, or country that entails definable rights of participation and protection, and certain respponsibilities and duties to the society, community, or country
79
define : Conservative
A belief that society should remain the way it has been traditionally.
80
egalitarianism
a political principle that holds that all people should be treated as equals and allowed equal civil, social, political, and economic rights under the law
81
point of view
an individuals's opinion, based on that individual's personal experience and values
82
progressivism
a 1920's movement in US that reacted to the perceived abuses of laissez-faire capitalism by large corporations
83
environmentalism
a political and ethical ideology that focuses on protecting the natural environment and lessening the harmful effects that human activties have on the ecosystem
84
Define: Progressivism
A political movement that calls for social, economic, or political reform especially for the average citizen in regard to some regulation in the economy , better labor laws, and greater social justice.
85
traditional economy
an economic system usually practised by a pre-industrialized society
86
feminism
the belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes
87
Cold War
the political, economic, and social struggle between the Soviet Union and it allies, and the U.S. and its allies, conducted using propoganda, economic measures, and espionage rather than military means
88
political dissidents
people who diagree with the ppolicies and actions of their government
89
Define: Ideology
a theory or idea that explains one's world and his or her place in it, based on assumptions about the nature of human beings and society.
90
Enlightenment
an intellectual movement when classical liberalism spread though Europe and changed some people's beliefs about religion, reason, nature, and human beings. (The Age of Reason)
91
self-reliance
the quality of being solely responsible for one's own well-being
92
Define: individualism
An approach to social organization that promotes individual rights over group needs and advocates personal independence
93
Define: moderate
A person or ideology that shuns extremism and rejects violence as a means to achieving political or social goals.
94
Define: Identity
The key characteristics that people use to describe who they are.
95
democracy
a form of government in which power is ultimately vested in the people
96
detente
a period of the Cold War during which the major powers tried to lessen the tensions between them through diplomacy, arms talks and reductions, and cultural exchanges
97
dissent
the political act of disagreeing
98
libertaion movements
military and political struggles of people for independence from countries that have colonized or otherwise opressed them
99
foreign policy
the course of action taken by a country in its relations with other countries
100
one-party state
a form of government where only one party foprms the government and no other parties are permitted to run candidates for election
101
philanthropy
a cocern for, and an effort to improve, the state of humankind through donations of money, time, or talents
102
103
classical conservatism
an ideology that says government should represent the legacy of the past as well as the well-being of the present, and that society should be structured in a hierarchical fashion, that government should be chosen by a limited electorate, that leaders should be hmanitarian, and that the stability of society is all important
104
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
declaration that outlines the human rights to which all people are entitled
105
Define : Assumption
The belief that something is right or wrong, without proof.
106
radical
extrem; revolutionary. A radical change in a political regime often rejects the political and economic traditions of the past
107
welfare capitalism
initiatives by industrialists to provide workers with non-monetary rewards to head off the growing demand for labour unions
108
draft dodger
someone who avoids conscription or compulsory military service, usually by fleeing the country
109
internment camp
dtention facilities used to cinfine political prisoners and people of specific national or minority groups
110
political participation
any number of wways a citizen can be involved in the political process, such as voting, running as a candidate, supporting a candidate, attending constituency meetings, speaking out, demonstrating, protesting, writing letters to elected representatives
111
sphere of influence
the territories and countries over which a powerful country dominates
112
deficit
a deficiency; an excess of liabilities or expenditures over income or assets in a given period
113
containment
the American Cold War foreign policy of containing the spread of communism by establishing strategic allies around the world through trade and military alliances.
114
mixed economy
an economic system based on free market principles but with some government intervention
115
inflation
an increase in the general price level of products, the cost of labour, and interest rates
116
civil rights movements
popular movements, notably in the U.S. in the 1950's and 60's that work to extend rights to marginalized members of society
117
Define: Progressive Taxation
The situation in which people with more disposable income pay a higher percentage of income tax than people with less income.
118
Canadian Charter of Rights & Freedoms
a document entrenched in the Constitutional Act, 1982 that lists and describes the fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed to Canadians
119
Define: Collectivism
An approach to social organization that puts the needs of the group as a whole above the needs and rights of individuals within the group.
120
free market
a market that operates with limited government intervention
121
collective responsibilty
holding a whole group or collective responsible for the actions of individuals (or individual groups) within the group or collective
122
economic equality
a principle common to collectivist ideologies which can have different meanings depending on the person or ideology
123
censorship
the act of restricting freedom of expression or freedom of access to ideas or works, usually by governments, and usuakky to protect the percieved common good
124
representative demoncracy
a form of government in which a small group of politicians are elected by a larger group of citizens
125
pandemics
outbreaks of disease on a global scale
126
Define: Rule of law
The principle that real authority comes only from written, publicly-available laws that are adopted and enforced for all people.
127
Emergencies Act
a set of laws that permits the Canadian government to invoke special measures to deal with emergencies. (Replaced the War Measures Act)
128
humanitarianism
trying to improve the lives of others and to reduce their suffering through various means, including social reform and aid
129
civil disobedience
the refusal to obey a law because it is considered to be unjust
130
Luddism
a protest movement in the early 1800's against industrialization and mechanization
131
labour unions
associations of workers engaged in a similar function who unite to speak with management about their concerns
132
monopoly
the exclusive ownership or control of trade in a particular good or service
133
personal identity
the idea you have of yourself as a unique individual
134
draft
conscription or compulsory military service
135
Reaganomics
the economic policies of Reagan, which advocated less government intervention in the economy and pro-industry, anti-labour, anti-regualtion, anti-enviromental regulations policies
136
Define: Socialism
An ideology with equality and government involvement for the common good as the central features.
137
McCarthyism
an anti-communist movement in the U.S. intended to uncover and persecute those who percieved ties to communism with the US government, universities, and entertainment industries
138
expansionism
a country's foreign policy of acquiring additional territory through the violation of another country's sovereignty for reasons of defence, resources, markets, national pride, or percieved racial superiority
139
enfranchisment
granting people the rights of citizens, especially the right to vote
140
command economy
an economic system based on public (state) ownership of property in which government planners decide which goods to produce, how to produce them, and how they should be distributed. centrally planned economy. usually found in communist states
141
totalitarianism
a government system that seeks complete control over the public and private lives of its citizens
142
no-fly list
a list of people whom the Canadian government has identified as potentially posing an immediate threat to aviation security
143
brinkmanship
international behaviour or foreign policy that takes a country to the brink of war
144
referendum/ pelbiscite
all citizens vote on whether to accept or reject a proposed peice of legislation
145
Who make up Canada's Executive Branch
Prime Minister and his cabinet
146
Who makes up Canada's Legislative Branch
House of Commons and Sennate
147
Who makes up Canada's Judicial Branch
Judges and Court System
148
VETO
When the president chooses not to sign a bill into law
149
How can a law be passed without approval from the president?
They can override the presidential vote with a two-thirds majority vote
150
White Paper
To abolsih everything that kept First Nations and INuit People distinct from the rest of the people of Canada
151
speed of changes for Radical
Rapid
152
speed of changes for Liberal
Gradual
153
speed of changes for Moderate
Slow to no change
154
speed of changes for Conservative
No Change
155
Speed of changes for Reactionary
Return to the past
