Social Studies mod 20-22

Question 1

Marco Polo

Answer 1

a trader from Venice

Question 2

four major cities

Answer 2

Genoa, Venice, Florence Milan

Question 3

interest

Answer 3

a fee that borrowers pay for the use of someone elses money

Question 4

Cosimo do’ Medici

Answer 4

a ruler of Florence. he decorated Florence and made it beautiful with flowers and markets and paintings

Question 5

renaissance

Answer 5

means “rebirth.” a period that followed Europe’s middle ages

Question 6

humanism

Answer 6

the study of the humanities led to a new way of thinking and learning

Question 7

Dante Alighieri

Answer 7

the earliest politican and poet

Question 8

Niccolo Machiavelli

Answer 8

an Italian writer and also politician

Question 9

Petrarch

Answer 9

Italian poet

Question 10

perspective

Answer 10

a method of showing a three-dimensional scene on a flat surface so that it looks real

Question 11

Michelangelo

Answer 11

one of the greatest Italian artists

Question 12

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 12

Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian Renaissance polymath, excelling as a painter, sculptor, architect, scientist, inventor, and writer.

Question 13

Johann Gutenberg

Answer 13

a German man who developed a printing press that used moveable type

Question 14

Christian humanism

Answer 14

the resulting combination of humanist and religious ideas

Question 15

Desiderius Erasmus

Answer 15

a Dutch priest. He believed that humans had free will

Question 16

Albrecht Durer

Answer 16

a famous northern artist from germany

Question 17

Miguel de Cervantes

Answer 17

he wrote DON QUIXOTE

Question 18

William Shakespeare

Answer 18

people consider him the greatest writer in the English language. He wrote plays, stories, poems.

Question 19

reformation

Answer 19

a reform movement of western christianity

Question 20

indulgences

Answer 20

a relaxation of penalties for sins people had committed

Question 21

purgatory

Answer 21

a place where souls went before they went to heaven

Question 22

Martin Luther

Answer 22

-priest
-nailed list of complains ab the church on the church door in Wittenberg, called the Ninety-five Theses
- excommunicated from the church
-declared an outlaw and had to leave the empire
-escaped from the Worms but one noble who supported him helped sneak him out and hid from year
-ideas led to a split in the roman Catholic church

Question 23

Worms (VOHRMS)

Answer 23

City in German

Question 24

Prestestants

Answer 24

those who sided with Luther and protested against the roman catholic church

Question 25

Lurtherans

Answer 25

those protestants who also followed Luther's teachings were known as Lutherans

Question 26

John Calvin

Answer 26

-one of Calvin's main teachings was predestination, the idea that God knew who would be saved even before they were born -reformer

Question 27

William Tyndale

Answer 27

-reformer -english professor -believed everyone should be able to read the bible. But this belief went against the Catholic Church, he Translated the Bible into English; this upset the English clergy who tried to arrest him. -Tyndale fled the country and continued his translation - he eventually got executed by the Catholic authorities

Question 28

King Henry VIII

Answer 28

no sons, his wife couldn't have any kids so he got married five times; -The second wife had a daughter only a son so he beheaded her -The third had a son but she died giving birth -The fourth divorced him before having kids -The fifth never had a kid because Henry died right after their marriage (he died because he got a disease from trying to have too many kids, he went crazy and then died)

Question 29

Catholic reformation

Answer 29

the effort to reform the Catholic church from within

Question 30

Spanish Inquisition

Answer 30

was ruthless in carrying out the duty. its members hunted down and punished converted Muslims and Jews who were suspected of keeping their old beliefs.

Question 31

Ignatius of Loyola

Answer 31

a Spanish noble who founded a new order. This order was the society of Jesus, it the Jesuits.

Question 32

Jesuits

Answer 32

a religious order created to serve the pope and the church

Question 33

Francis Xavier

Answer 33

probably the most important missionary of the period and Jesuit priest. he traveled throughout Asia in the mid 1500s bringing Catholicism to parts of India and Japan.

Question 34

Huguenots

Answer 34

French protestants

Question 35

Edict of Nantes

Answer 35

The war between French Catholics and protestants finally ended in 1598. in that year king henry IV-who was raised a protestant-issued the Edict of Nantes, granting religious freedom in most of France.

Question 36

Thirty Years War

Answer 36

A long series of wars that involved many of the countries of Europe

Question 37

Congregation

Answer 37

Many protestant churches didn't have priests, bishops, or other clergy. instead, each congregation, or church assembly, made its own rules and elected leaders to make decisions for them.

Question 38

federalism

Answer 38

the sharing of power between local governments and a strong central government

Question 39

scientific revolution

Answer 39

the series for events that led to the birth of modern science. occured between 1540-1700.

Question 40

science

Answer 40

A particular way of gaining knowledge about the world.

Question 41

theories

Answer 41

the explanations scientists develop based on the facts they find

Question 42

Ptolemy

Answer 42

another greek thinker and an ancient astronomer. he studied the sky, recorded what he saw, he was also a geographer

Question 43

rationalists

Answer 43

included Aristotle, Ptolemy, and other Greek thinkers; people who look at the world in a rational, or reasonable and logic way

Question 44

Alchemy

Answer 44

a forerunner in chemistry.

Question 45

Nicolaus Copernicus

Answer 45

Polish astronomer. He wrote that the earth was the center of the universe and that the sun and other planets orbited, or circles around earth.

Question 46

Tycho Brahe

Answer 46

important astronomer of the scientific revolution

Question 47

Johannes Kepler

Answer 47

-astronomer -according to his observations, the planet Mars did not move in a circular pattern as expected to. while Copernicus found the planets rotated in a circular rotation, Kepler said they move in an oval like rotation

Question 48

Galileo Galilei

Answer 48

one of the most important scientists of the scientific revolution. he was the first person to study the sky with a telescope. with the telescope, he discovered craters and mountains on the moon. he also discovered that moons orbit Jupiter.

Question 49

Sir Isaac Newton

Answer 49

Newton studied and simplified the work of earlier scientists. in doing so he; - reviewed everything scientists have been learning - coupled it with his own observations and ideas - synthesized his observations with others to formulate theories - identified four laws that described how the physical world worked

Question 50

barometer

Answer 50

a scientific instrument that measures air pressure.

Question 51

Francis Bacon

Answer 51

an English philosopher who had read the works of the great scientists of the scientific revolution. he argued that science should be pursued in a systematic fashion.

Question 52

Rene Descartes

Answer 52

French philosopher, he believed that nothing should be accepted as true if it isn't proven to be true.

Question 53

scientific method

Answer 53

a step by step method for performing experiments and other scientifc research

Question 54

hypothesis

Answer 54

a solution that the scientist proposes to solve the problem