Social Studies- Semester 2

Question 1

Different aspects of Rome’s geography

Answer 1

Peninsulas, mountains, hills

Question 2

How did the greeks influence rome’s culture

Answer 2

Etruscans were of greek origins

Question 3

Greek people who settled in northern italy and had an influence on rome’s culture

Answer 3

Etruscans

Question 4

Two types of rule of Ancient Rome

Answer 4

Empire and Republic

Question 5

Social classes of rome

Answer 5

Patricians and Plebians

Question 6

Chief executive officers of the roman republic

Answer 6

consuls

Question 7

Part of roman government that made laws, how many were a part of it and for how long?

Answer 7

Senate; 300 members; served for life

Question 8

what was created that gave plebians representation in the government?

Answer 8

council

Question 9

How many plebian representatives were there? What were they called?

Answer 9

Tribunes, there were 10

Question 10

First code of laws in Rome

Answer 10

Twelve Tables

Question 11

Principles in both the Roman and U.S. law

Answer 11

• innocent until proven guilty
• accused allowed to defend themselves before a judge
• right to face your accuser
• guilt must be proven beyond reasonable doubt

Question 12

who were the punic wars between? how many and who won them?

Answer 12

Rome vs. Carthage, Rome won all three

Question 13

What did rome get territorially as a result of victory in the first punic war

Answer 13

Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia

Question 14

Carthaginian leader during the second punic war? What happened with him?

Answer 14

Hannibal- he marched trhough the alps and invaded rome with his army and elephants. He couldn’t capture rome and eventually was defeated.

Question 15

What was the cause for the third punic war, and what was the outcome?

Answer 15

Rome wanted to destroy carthage and did so

Question 16

Three factors that led to the end of the republic

Answer 16

• greed
• political and social unrest
• civil wars between generals and legions

Question 17

Tribunes who were murdered by trying to give land to plebians

Answer 17

Gaius and Gracchus

Question 18

General who began to recruit volunteers by promising land for their service

Answer 18

General Marius

Question 19

How did generals promising land lead to division in rome?

Answer 19

Soldiers became loyal to their general instead of rome itself

Question 20

What’s meant by a triumvirate

Answer 20

rule by three

Question 21

Three rulers who made up the first triumvirate

Answer 21

Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar

Question 22

What general emerged from the first triumvirate and proclaimed himself first roman dictator

Answer 22

Julius Caesar

Question 23

How and why was Julius Caesar killed?

Answer 23

after he proclaimed himself dictator, he created enemies in the senate and was stabbed by each member. (ides of march)

Question 24

Three rulers who made up the second triumvirate

Answer 24

Octavius Augustus, Markus Lepidus, and Mark Antony

Question 25

What ruler of the second triumvirate became the first emperor of rome?

Answer 25

Octavius Augustus

Question 26

What emperor ordered the persecutions of the christians

Answer 26

Nero

Question 27

What was the Pax Romana, who did it start and end with?

Answer 27

200 years of peace began with Octavius Augustus and ended with Marcus Aurelius

Question 28

First emperor who ended christian persecutions

Answer 28

Constantine

Question 29

Which emperor issued the Edict of Milan, and what did it do?

Answer 29

Theodosius. It created religious tolerance in rome.

Question 30

What did Diocletian do to rule over the large roman empire?

Answer 30

Divided it into four units, each unit had a separate leader.

Question 31

used to carry water to the people of rome

Answer 31

aqueducts

Question 32

What were the twelve tables replaced by?

Answer 32

The Law of Nations

Question 33

what were roman military units called

Answer 33

legions

Question 34

what disasters were christians blamed for?

Answer 34

the burning of rome

Question 35

philosophical and intellectual advancement in rome

Answer 35

age of enlightenment

Question 36

what invaders contributed to the fall of rome

Answer 36

the franks

Question 37

important roman poet/ writer

Answer 37

virgil

Question 38

famous roman epic story

Answer 38

aeneid

Question 39

in the feudal system, who controlled the land for the king

Answer 39

nobles

Question 40

who fought for the nobles in return for land

Answer 40

vassals

Question 41

who dominated the calvary and had great social prestige?

Answer 41

knights

Question 42

name given to the land vassals received

Answer 42

fiefs

Question 43

a knight began training as early as...

Answer 43

age 7

Question 44

code of conduct for knights

Answer 44

chivalry

Question 45

fief given to a duke

Answer 45

duchy

Question 46

fief given to a countess

Answer 46

county

Question 47

another name for the bubonic plague

Answer 47

black death

Question 48

how did the bubonic plague spread?

Answer 48

fleas on rats

Question 49

how many people died because of the black death?

Answer 49

25-30 million

Question 50

first european country to experience the black plague

Answer 50

italy

Question 51

worst years of the black plague

Answer 51

1347-1352

Question 52

why was the feudal system created?

Answer 52

invasions of foreign forces

Question 53

what was a lasting effect on europe as a result of the crusades

Answer 53

trade between europe and the east increased

Question 54

the crusades began soon after the Seljuk Turks threatened which christian nation?

Answer 54

Byzantine Empire

Question 55

How did the black death spread?

Answer 55

It spread from the mediterranean to northern europe

Question 56

what was an effect the crusades had on muslim kingdoms

Answer 56

it united them in defense against the crusaders

Question 57

the first crusade had the goal of capturing...

Answer 57

jerusalem

Question 58

who called on christian warriors to fight against the muslims to reclaim the holy land

Answer 58

pope urban II

Question 59

the crusades exposed western europeans to ideas and discoveries of the muslim world, which resulted in...

Answer 59

an increase in european education and thought

Question 60

king of england and undertook the third crusade

Answer 60

richard the lionheart

Question 61

effect of the plague

Answer 61

surviving peasants gained more economic power

Question 62

what happened during the second crusade

Answer 62

christians weren't successful in liberating areas under muslim control

Question 63

result of the investiture controversy

Answer 63

the weakening and eventual break up of germany

Question 64

what was the investiture controversy over?

Answer 64

who could appoint church officers, the emperor or the pope

Question 65

who was pope during the investiture controversy

Answer 65

gregory VII

Question 66

what laws did the spanish government pass during the reconquista

Answer 66

all muslims and jews in spain had to convert to catholicism or leave spain

Question 67

who was st. thomas aquinas

Answer 67

a philosopher and theologian

Question 68

who was the great schism between?

Answer 68

roman catholic church and eastern orthodox church

Question 69

what three religions lay claim to jerusalem

Answer 69

islam, judaism, and christianity

Question 70

what was the perspective on european crusaders from the arab muslims

Answer 70

they looked at them as barbarian invaders

Question 71

why did pope urban II most likely help the byzantines?

Answer 71

to increase his political power and authority as pope

Question 72

top two nations during the age of exploration

Answer 72

spain and portugal

Question 73

major obstacles during exploration

Answer 73

inaccurate maps, storms, illnesses

Question 74

highly desired product during the age of exploration

Answer 74

spices

Question 75

what were some motivations to explore

Answer 75

gain new lands, spread religion, trade

Question 76

what islands were called the spice islands

Answer 76

the moluccas islands

Question 77

what interesting countries joined in on exploration

Answer 77

netherlands

Question 78

map making experts

Answer 78

cartographers

Question 79

what did the line of demarcation do?

Answer 79

set a territory border for spain and portugal to claim for themselves

Question 80

what means by circumnavigate

Answer 80

to sail all the way around the world

Question 81

first explorer to sail around the world

Answer 81

ferdinand magellan

Question 82

triangle of trade

Answer 82

trade between north america, africa, and the caribbean

Question 83

african slave trade

Answer 83

trade of slaves to the americas. they needed a cheap labor source and to sustain the labor force.

Question 84

large farm estates in the south

Answer 84

plantations

Question 85

middle passage

Answer 85

the terrible voyage african americans made on ships heading to america

Question 86

merchantilism

Answer 86

where colonies produce raw materials and the parent nations turn it into finished goods.

Question 87

columbian exchange

Answer 87

trade between north/ south america and europe. included crop exchange and the introduction of new animal species to each region.

Question 88

motives for european exploration

Answer 88

- spices - new territory - religion - trade

Question 89

obstacles early explorers faced

Answer 89

- storms - illness - food and water preservation - inaccurate maps - lack of communication

Question 90

european countries that were leaders of exploration

Answer 90

portugal and spain

Question 91

why did europeans want access to spices

Answer 91

they couldn't grow spices with the climate differences. they wanted spices for the flavor, preservatives, perfume, and for medicinal purposes

Question 92

why did people desire sea routes over land routes

Answer 92

land routes were expensive, long, and dangerous

Question 93

who became known as the "navigator"

Answer 93

prince henry (he encouraged others to explore the unknowns of the world and heled sponsor and fund expeditions.

Question 94

cape of good hope

Answer 94

major trading post in southern africa

Question 95

who was the first explorer to round the cape of good hope

Answer 95

bartholomeu dias

Question 96

who was the first explorer to pass the cape of good hope and continue to india?

Answer 96

vasco da gama

Question 97

who realized columbus discovered a new continent?

Answer 97

amerigo vespucci