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Social final term 1 > Social term 1 final > Flashcards

Social term 1 final Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Greece located in Europe

A

Southern east europe

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2
Q

It’s is surrounded by water on how many sides

A

Three

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3
Q

How is the Greek land

A

Mountainous and rugged

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4
Q

How much percent of Greek land was rocky and difficult to farm on

A

70%

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5
Q

Since they could not farm what did they rely on

A

Trade

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6
Q

What did types of grind did the trade

A

Wheat,olive,olive oil, barley and grapes

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7
Q

Greece is located at the southern end of which peninsula

A

Balkan

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8
Q

What is a Greek city state called and what’s the plural

A

Polis (poleis)

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9
Q

The cites had distinct

A

Political systems and methods of social organization

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10
Q

What do the Greeks have in common

A

Religion and language

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11
Q

Where was the Minoan civilization

A

On the island of Crete

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12
Q

The Minoans worked as

A

Fishermen and sailors

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13
Q

Their homeland was Between the main trade route of

A

egypt, Palestine, Western Asia, and North Africa

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14
Q

Who conquered Crete

A

Mycenaeans

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15
Q

What did they develop that was similar to the Minoans

A

Art, architecture and writing and their trade route in the Mediterranean

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16
Q

Did Crete develop a system of writing

A

Yes

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17
Q

King Minos of Crete son was killed by

A

The Athenian king

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18
Q

What did king Minos of Crete do as revenge

A

He captured Athens and ordered that every nine years seven boys and seven girls are sent to Crete

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19
Q

Who volunteered to go as one of the prisoners

A

The son of the Athenian king Theseus

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20
Q

What was the name of the later Athenian king

A

King Aegeus

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21
Q

What did king Aegeus tell his son to do as soon as he returned

A

To hoist white sails on his return as a sign of safety

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22
Q

Who fell in love with Theseus when he arrived

A

King Minos of Cretes daughter Ariadne

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23
Q

What did Ariadne give theseus

A

A ball of string and a sword

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24
Q

What happened to the kids once they arrived in Crete

A

They were driven in a labyrinth they couldn’t get out of and then eaten by the Minotaur

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25
Q

Who is the Minotaur

A

A man with the head of a bull

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26
Q

What happened when Theseus found the Minotaur

A

He killed him

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27
Q

Who did Theseus flee with

A

Ariadne

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28
Q

What did Thesues forget to do

A

To raise the white sails when he returned

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29
Q

What did the king ageusdo when he saw the ship returning with black sails

A

He thought his son was dead so he threw himself in to the sea

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30
Q

What is the sea called after the king threw himself in the water

A

Aegean Sea

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31
Q

which palace did British archaeologists uncover the remains of

A

Knossos in Crete

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32
Q

What pictures were on the wall of the palace Knossos

A

Dressed women and athletic men

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33
Q

What were people somersaulting over in the Greek walls

A

Bulls

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34
Q

By 1250 BCE what made trade more difficult

A

Wars and piracy

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35
Q

Who caltured the Mycenaeans

A

Fierce mountain warriors called the Dorians

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36
Q

Dorians were armed with

A

Iron weapons

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37
Q

From which direction did the Dorians invade from

A

The north

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38
Q

Where did the people that were not enslaved by the Dorians escape to?

A

Attica in southeastern Greece

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39
Q

What are the people that escaped from the Dorians known as?

A

Ionians

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40
Q

What did the Greeks refer to the Dorian’s?

A

They referred to them as barbarians

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41
Q

What is the period that followed when the Mycenaean civilization was lost known as?

A

the Greek Dark Ages

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42
Q

In 1050 where were the new settlements founded?

A

Coast of the Aegean Sea in what is now northern Greece and the west coast of Asia Minor in modern Turkey

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43
Q

In around 700 BCE where had Greece established colonies?

A

Southern Italy, Western Asia, North Africa, southern France, northern coast of the Black Sea

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44
Q

Who did they continued to trade with?

A

Levant, Egypt, and the Black Sea

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45
Q

What did the gods and goddesses represent?

A

Humans

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46
Q

Who was Zeus?

A

He was the king of gods

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47
Q

Where do the Greek gods live?

A

Mount Olympus in northern Greece

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48
Q

What took place when Zeus was angry

A

Storms

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49
Q

Who was Zeus married to?

A

Hera

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50
Q

Who were Zeus’ brothers

A

Poseidon and hades

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51
Q

What did Zeus’ brothers rule

A

Poseidon ruled the seas, and Hades ruled the underworld

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52
Q

What was Demeter the goddess of?

A

Plants and harvest

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53
Q

Who is demeter’s daughter

A

Persephone

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54
Q

Who kidnapped Persephone, why

A

Hades, so he can make her his wife in the underworld

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55
Q

How did Demeter feel when Persephone was kidnapped

A

She was sad

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56
Q

What did Zeus do since Demeter was sad

A

He made Poseidon allow Persephone to return to earth for part of the year

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57
Q

What was Aphrodite the goddess of?

A

Love

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58
Q

Who were aphrodites children and what did they do?

A

Eros was her son and he made people fall in love by shooting them with his arrows and her daughter harmonica brought peace after war

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59
Q

Who was Athena the daughter of?

A

Zeus

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60
Q

What was Athena the goddess of?

A

Wisdom, she also protected Athens which was named in her honor

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61
Q

What was Apollo the god of?

A

God of art and the sun, he drew the sun across the sky each day in a chariot pulled by golden horses

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62
Q

Who was Artemis and what was she the goddess of?

A

She was apollos twin sister, she was the goddess of hunting and the moon, she drew the moon across the sky each night in a chariot pulled by silver stags

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63
Q

What was Hephaestus the god of?

A

Forging and fire

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64
Q

Who was the god of war?

A

Ares

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65
Q

What was Hermes the god of?

A

Travel, he also carried messages for the gods

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66
Q

What is an Oracle?

A

The Greek word for a priest, or priestess, who transmitted messages from the gods

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67
Q

What did the Greeks give in the temples dedicated for a God or goddesses?

A

In them, they performed rituals and gave sacrifices of fruits or animals to please the gods and as a place to stay when the gods visited the Earth

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68
Q

What was the most famous place for the Oracles?

A

The temple of Apollo at delphi

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69
Q

What did the king Croesus of Lydia want to do?

A

To invade the Persian empire

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70
Q

What did the oracle respond with when the king croesus of Lydia asked him if he should invade

A

He said a great kingdom would be destroyed

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71
Q

How was the message of an oracle often?

A

Confusing or ambiguous

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72
Q

What happened when the king croesus of Lydia launched his attack?

A

He was soundly beaten and forced to retreat then the Persians followed him to his capital city destroyed it and captured him. The Persian king had Croesus burnt alive and his kingdom was made part of the Persian empire

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73
Q

When did Homer live

A

Mid 8th century BCE

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74
Q

What did Homer compose

A

The Iliad and the odyssey

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75
Q

What was the Iliad about

A

The Iliad told the story of a 10 year long war between the Greeks, and the city of Troy, fought after the Trojan prince, which was named Paris he kidnapped Helen, the wife of a Greek king the poems main character was achilles a
invincible warrior

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76
Q

What was the odyssey about

A

The odyssey told the story of another Greek warrior in the Trojan, war, Odysseus and his epic journey home from the war

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77
Q

When did Hesiod live

A

around 700 BCE

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78
Q

What was hesiods main poem

A

Theogony

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79
Q

What did the theogony talk about

A

It contained many of the myths about the origins and deeds of the gods

80
Q

Who wrote works and days

A

Hesiod

81
Q

What is the poem works and days about

A

Works and days tells of the decline of mankind since the golden age of the heroes and of the myth of Pandora

82
Q

Who is Pandora?

A

Pandora was the first woman sent to earth and disobeyed instructions when she opened the secret box, releasing all the problems of the world such as disease, old agent famine that had been locked up inside it

83
Q

Greek Athletic contests were what type of celebration

A

Religious

84
Q

Where were the athletic green contests often held?

A

Near the temples, dedicated to a certain god or goddess

85
Q

At first, what was only run at these games?

A

Foot races

86
Q

Overtime more events were added what were some of these events

A

Wrestling, boxing, hotse racing, and Pentathlon

87
Q

Every how many years was the Olympic Games held?

A

Four years

88
Q

In honor of who was the Olympics game held

A

Zeus

89
Q

What was Olympia named after?

A

Mount Olympus

90
Q

What happened to any war between the states when the Olympic games was held?

A

They were suspended

91
Q

What did the citizens discuss at the athletic contests

A

Political problems, common military victory and agreed on alliances

92
Q

What was the only actual prize at the Olympic Games?

A

Olive wreaths

93
Q

But what did the cities offer the winners?

A

Money or sometimes free meals for life

94
Q

What was a gymnasium

A

It was a school for athletes where trainers coach the man of the city in different sports, as well as physical training a gymnasium often provided an energy education and philosophy, literature, and music, and there was normally a library nearby

95
Q

A significant divide in the Greek world was between those?

A

Those descended from the Dorians, and those descended from the Ionians

96
Q

What was the most Doric state?

A

Sparta

97
Q

Where was Sparta located?

A

Mountains of southwest Greece

98
Q

What did the Spartans have a reputation for?

A

As harsh and fierce people

99
Q

What were the slaves known as?

A

Helots

100
Q

What did the helots farming the lands provide Sparta

A

Economic wealth

101
Q

What led to the development of Spartas formidable army, and their disciplined society?

A

The need to control the slaves who vastly outnumbered the Spartans

102
Q

The Spartans believe that their system of government and way of life had been ordered by the gods through their legendary ancestor?

A

Lycurgus

103
Q

All male sport and citizens were members of an?

A

Assembly

104
Q

Any law in Sparta had to be approved beforehand by

A

The 30 man council of elders

105
Q

Who were the people that could propose a new law in the first place?

A

The ephors or the overseers

106
Q

How many ephors or overseers were there at one time?

A

Five

107
Q

Sparta system of government is often called an

A

Oligarchy

108
Q

Monarchy

A

Ruled by one person

109
Q

Democracy

A

Rule by all citizens together

110
Q

Theocracy

A

Religious group or leader

111
Q

Aristocracy

A

Ruled by a small class of people whose power is inherited by their children

112
Q

Tyranny

A

Ruled by one person with no restrictions on his power in simpler way a harsh ruler

113
Q

Until how old did Spartan males serve as soldiers and live in communal barracks together?

A

30

114
Q

Only after they were 30 years old, they could

A

Return to living with their families

114
Q

at what age was a male child sent away from his family to military school

A

7

115
Q

Until what age did Sparta continue military service?

A

60

116
Q

How were Spartan woman different from other greek states?

A

Spartan women practice, gymnastics, and learning about their duties to the state of Sparta

117
Q

True or false spartan woman had the most freedom from other Greek states

A

True

118
Q

How did the Spartans live?

A

A simple life without luxuries

119
Q

How did Spartans live equally?

A

Lando handed out to all the citizens to ensure no citizen was poor. Some Spartans did become richer than others, but display of what were found upon meals were often eaten in large public calls, so that no one could find food while others were not.

120
Q

what are all these measures against luxury used to encourage in Sparta?

A

To encourage loyalty among the spartan soldiers, and prevent jealousy or divisions

121
Q

How did Sparta feel about foreigners?

A

They were suspicious of foreigners, and considered them corrupt and weak

122
Q

What was the most important Ionian state?

A

Athens

123
Q

Where did Athens lay?

A

On on the coast of the region of Attica

124
Q

How long in square kilometers was Athens

A

1600 km²

125
Q

What is the population of Athens?

A

400,000

126
Q

What did the Athenians grow?

A

Rich olive crops

127
Q

What did Athens control?

A

Important silver mines

128
Q

What were some materials the Athenians needed?

A

Timber for building ships and other sources of foods and grain grew poorly in Attica

129
Q

What did the Athenian trade for materials they needed

A

Olive oil and silver for the materials they needed

130
Q

What did Athens rely on?

A

Ethan‘s relied on a strong navy more than a strong army

131
Q

Only those born to who were citizens in the polis

A

Athenian Parents

132
Q

What was the system of Athens known as?

A

Democracy

133
Q

And it’s early history. What was Athens ruled by?

A

An oligarchy, or sometimes by a tyrant

134
Q

In 508 BCE who led an uprising and about what

A

Politician named Cleisthenes lead an uprising against the rulers of Athens, and created an assembly of all citizens to make decisions

135
Q

Why was the power of the assembly of the politician Cleisthenes Limited?

A

Because it’s still had to be approved by a council of wealthier Athenians

136
Q

En 461 BCE, who led an uprising, who was he, and what did he lead it against?

A

Politician and general Pericles, who greatly influenced Athenian life until his death in 429, BCE any man who fought for the city, had an equal right to have a say ruling it

137
Q

Everything in male age what to what perform military service

A

18-59

138
Q

What does wealthy men serve as in Athens?

A

cavalrymen or hoplites

139
Q

To carry out the laws and run the city day today. What did the city do to choose citizens to fill each office?

A

Held a lottery

140
Q

In which two importance and skill job types of jobs did all male citizens have to vote to choose the most suitable men Athens

A

Generals and treasurers

141
Q

What did the city do to ensure the juries will judge each case fairly?

A

Each jury was paid for the time he served

142
Q

What was the Athenian government divided into?

A

Legislature or the assembly, the executive, the officials, that ran the city, and the judiciary, which consisted of the courts and juries that judged anyone accused of a crime

143
Q

Was there public schools in Athens?

A

No

144
Q

True or false since there were no public schools poor families could send their children to private teachers

A

False they could not

145
Q

Who were the wealthier children of Athens sent to learn to read and write with

A

A tutor known as a grammatist

146
Q

Legislature

A

Makes the laws

147
Q

Executive

A

Carries out the decisions of the legislature and runs the government

148
Q

Judiciary

A

The judiciary judges, anyone accused of breaking the law

149
Q

What did most Athenian girls do?

A

Mostly at home with their mothers, to learn how to spin and weave cloth, and how to look after the house

150
Q

Who were the Athenian woman mostly under control of

A

Husbands, brothers or fathers

151
Q

Were Athenian women allowed to leave the house?

A

They were rarely allowed to leave the house, except visit other women of all though this was less strict in poorer families

152
Q

During the early history of the city, how did athenians get slaves?

A

Athenians made other citizens their slaves when they failed to pay the debts they owned

153
Q

After that practice ended in 594 BCE how did Athenians get slaves?

A

They made slaves of soldiers defeated in battle

154
Q

How did the slaves work as?

A

Some work that has domestic servants, but most worked forming the land and mining silver

155
Q

Because the Athenians had slaves they had more time to devote to

A

Creativity, scholarship, and politics

156
Q

Many modern scholars, believe having slaves was one of the reasons what flourished in Athens

A

, art, philosophy, and politics

157
Q

Sparta and its alliances with other states are called

A

The Peloponnesian league

158
Q

How did Sparta dominate the south?

A

Through its conquest and alliances with other states in the Peloponnesian league

159
Q

Where did the Persian empire stretch from?

A

The coast in the west to the Indus river in the east

160
Q

When the Greeks faced a threat to the east, the great Persian empire who was the Persian empire king

A

Darius I ruled from 521 to 485 BCE

161
Q

What is Hellespont

A

The narrow channel dividing grease from Asian minor

162
Q

Why did the Greek cities in Ionia rebel?

A

Because Darius sent out officials to watch over them and collect the taxes, he demanded

163
Q

Who helped the Greek rebels?

A

Athens

164
Q

When was the Greek fleet destroyed?

A

494 BCE

165
Q

In 490 BCE came with the Indian at fears the Persians invaded

A

Attica and the Greek heartland

166
Q

Did Sparta agree to send troops to the Athenians?

A

Sparta greed, but only after a religious festival that was coming the following week

167
Q

The Persians landed with around how much soldiers in Eretria

A

26,000

168
Q

Who did the Athenians ask for help?

A

Sparta and plataea

169
Q

How much men did the plataeans send to join the Athenian army?

A

1000

170
Q

How many soldiers did Athens have without plataea

A

9000

171
Q

Where did the Athenian army and the Persian army meet at?

A

A flat plain called marathon

172
Q

How many men did the Persians lose in the battle of marathon, and how many men did the Greeks lose in the battle of marathon?

A

The Persians lost 6400 men and the Greeks lost 192 men

173
Q

What was the name of the Greek soldier that ran back to Athens from marathon

A

Pheidippides

174
Q

How long was the run from Athens to Marathon?

A

About 26 miles or 42 km

175
Q

What are Greek foot soldiers called?

A

Hoplites

176
Q

The hollies fought in an organized formation called the?

A

Phalanx

177
Q

How many soldiers did the phalanx contain?

A

It was a long block of soldiers, about eight men deep

178
Q

Who took after Darius I

A

His son Xerxes I

179
Q

What was Xerxes determined to take

A

Revenge for his fathers defeat

180
Q

What would happen if the Persians did not punish the Greeks for their resistance?

A

Their example could encourage others who want to regain their independence

181
Q

In the 10 years, following the battle of marathon, who repelled against the Persians

A

Egypt and Babylon

182
Q

What happened in the battle of Thermopylae

A

300 Spartans lead, by general Leonidas were all killed as they fought an army of thousands of Persians

183
Q

After the battle of Thermopylae the Greek army was defeated again at the battle of

A

Artemisium

184
Q

When the athenians abandoned their city, where did they seek temporary refuge?

A

On the island of salamis

185
Q

Hippocrates looked for physical causes for diseases, such as

A

diet, occupation, climate

186
Q

Who is the god of healing?

A

Asclepius

187
Q

Who developed the theory that the earth orbits around the sun?

A

Aristarchus of Samos

188
Q

What did Herodotus write an account of?

A

The Persian wars

189
Q

What was herodotus’ book called?

A

The Historia

190
Q

What did Thucydides write an account of?

A

The peloponnesian wars

191
Q

What did Thucydides work as

A

An Athenian general

192
Q

How many years did it take Thucydides to finish his book?

A

More than 30 years

193
Q

Greek theatre featured

A

One actor and a chorus

194
Q

Two categories for play

A

Tragedy or comedy

195
Q

Dramatic competitions were held?

A

Each year

196
Q
A

Social final term 1 (1 decks)

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