Social Theories Flashcards
(32 cards)
1
Q
Freud
Oral Stage
A
- first year
- id
- drive = hunger
- erogenous zone = mouth
- nursing
- drive for oral stimulation must be satisfied
- by 12 months: ego established
2
Q
Freud
id
A
- drives
- unconscious -> biological drives
- hunger, sex, sleep
3
Q
Freud
ego
A
- the self
- compromises between id and superego
- ex) id wants food = ego finds a way to get food
4
Q
Freud
superego
A
- conscious
- leads to guilt
5
Q
Freud
Anal stage
A
- 1 to 3 years
- anus = erogenous zone
- conflict with parents -> time when children potty train
6
Q
Freud
Phallic stage
A
- 3-6 years
- gentials
- oedipus or electra complex
- resolved by identificaion with same-sex
- superego
7
Q
Freud
Latency period
A
- 6-12 years
- sexual urges repressed
- acceptable pursuits
8
Q
Freud
Genital stage
A
- 12 years and beyond
- sexual energy re-emerges
- ego
9
Q
What can go wrong?
Fixation
A
- inadquate oral gratification
- substitutes = nail-biting, overeating, smoking
- harsh toilet training = anal retentive or anal expulsive
10
Q
What can go wrong?
regression
A
going back to unresolved issue under pressure
11
Q
What can go wrong?
Repression
A
- you may have had some repression early on
- don’t think about it
- not resolving something early on and unwanted behaviors arrive later on
12
Q
Freud’s Theory
A
- came out of favor because tenets are untestable
- lasting contributions
- role of early experience
- role of unconscious
12
Q
Erikson: Psychosocial Development
A
- picks up on idea that each stage must be passed successfully
- each stage has “crisis” to be overcome
13
Q
Erikson Stage 1
A
- Basic Trust vs Mistrust
- 0-1
- establishing trust based on responsiveness to needs/provide love
14
Q
Erikson Stage 2
A
- Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt
- 1 - 3.5
- conflict (conflicts freud)
- execessive punishment -> shame and doubt
- motor skills taking off
15
Q
Erikson Stage 3
A
- Intiative vs. Guilt
- 4 - 6
- Conscience (conflicts Freud) -> sense of right vs. wrong
- Skills -> simple skills that you are working on
- self-esteem
16
Q
Erikson Stage 4
A
- Industry vs inferiority
- 6 - puberty
- Freud’s latency stage
- being academically successful compared to peers -> SOCIAL COMPARISONS
17
Q
Erikson Stage 5
A
- identity vs. role confusion
- adolescence to early adulthood
- think about place amongst peers/larger society
18
Q
Erikson Stage 6
A
- intimacy vs. isolation
- young adulthood
19
Q
Erikson Stage 7
A
- Generativity vs. stagnation
- middle adulthood
20
Q
Erikson stage 8
A
- integrity vs. despair
- old age
21
Q
Psychoanalytic theories: lasting impact
A
- role of early experience and the unconscious in personality and emotional functioning
- Erikson: insigths into development; identity; lifespan
22
Q
Learning =
A
behaviorism
23
Q
Behaviorism
A
- Behaviors instead of mental states
- reaction to psychology based on introspection
- American school -> william james: by applying scientific principles, make psychology more like physics
24
Classical conditioning
learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone
25
operant conditioning
rewards and punishments
26
Watson: a dozen infants
someones biology/temperment did not matter -> i train them what to do
27
Skinner
behavior as sum of reinforcement history
28
Parenting advice
* schedules
* avoid intermittent reinforcement (don't give in)
* behavior modification -> bed wetting
* attention is a reinforcer (time-outs)
29
systematic desensitization to
phobias
30
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