Social Work 4280 Study Cards

Question 1

What does RNR stand for?

Answer 1

Risk: match the level of service to the the offenders risk to reoffend
Need: assess criminals. Needs and target them in treatment
Responsivity: maximize offenders ability to learn from a rehabilitative intervention

Question 2

What are the two types of responsivity and give an example of social work practice you might use for each type?

Answer 2

General Responsivity-CBT
Specific Responsivity-CBT approach that also accounts for strengths, learning styles, personality, motivation and bio social characteristics of the individual.

Question 3

What is the LS/CMI and what does it stand for?

Answer 3

The standard assessment used in justice systems in Manitoba. It stands for Level of Service/Case Management Inventory.

Question 4

True or False: There is a federal youth court?

Answer 4

False

Question 5

What is the difference between prison and corrections?

Answer 5

Prison is federal and corrections is provincial

Question 6

What are the 8 risk/needs factors that the LS/CMI look at?

Answer 6

-Criminal History
-Pro-criminal attitudes
-Family/Marital (satisfaction)
-Education/Work
-Leisure/Recreation
-Pro-criminal associates
-Substance misuse
-Anti-social patterns

Question 7

What does involuntary client refer to?

Answer 7

-a client who is legally required to see you
-a client who is coerced to see you

Question 8

How long is a provincial/territorial juristiction vs. a federal juristiction?

Answer 8

provincial/territorial- 2 years - 1 day
federal-2 years + 1 day

Question 9

List five social determinents of health?

Answer 9

-Gender
-Food security
-Education
-Housing
-Race
-Unemployment
-Income
-Disability
-Social safety net
-Health services

Question 10

What does YCJA stand for and what is it?

Answer 10

It stands for youth criminal justice act. Since 2003 it has been in effect and aims to treat youth more fairly than prior legislation.

Question 11

What is the difference between parole officer, probation officer, and parole board?

Answer 11

a parole officer is under federal jurisdiction and supervises an offenders release back into the community. A probation officer works similarly to a parole officer but is under provincial jurisdiction. Additionally a probation officer will conduct assessments and determine best course of action based on the conditional release. A parole board makes decisions regarding an individuals conditional release that then fall on a parole officer to supervise.

Question 12

What are the similarities and differences between western justice and indigenous justice systems in a court setting?

Answer 12

Western:
-adversarial
-guilty/not guilty
-testifying is part of the process
-expectation to tell the whole truth
-ensures conformity and punishes deviance

Traditional Aboriginal Justice:
-non-confrontational
-no concept of guilty/not guilty
-reluctance to testify
-it is impossible to tell the whole truth
-heal the offender, restore peace to the community and reconcilliation

Question 13

What is the relationship between poverty and criminal justice involvement?

Answer 13

-Poverty and low SES during childhood is a distal risk factor for subsequent criminal and substance misuse behaviors
-Studies have found that childhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with increases in rates of both self-reported crime and officially recorded convictions
-poverty increases the likelihood that a person will commit crime, be apprehended, and be the victim of crime
-Research suggests poverty & violence holds across different violent crimes

Question 14

What are police officers responsible for?

Answer 14

-protecting the public
-preventing and deterring crime
-enforcing laws
-responding to emergencies
-patrolling
-investigating crime
-making arrests

Question 15

What is zero tolerance policing?

Answer 15

Policies that have strict guidelines, that do not tolerate any form of a behaviour. Some examples of zero tolerance policing in Toronto include domestic violence, sexual assault and impaired driving.

Question 16

What is due process? What are the due process model steps?

Answer 16

A legal process that protects the rights of the accused. Due process model steps are:
1) investigation
2) arrest
3) charge
4) first court appearance
5) trial
6) conviction

This also includes rights such as the right to remain silent, the right to a fair trial, the right to legal council and the right to be informed of charges.

Question 17

What is a priliminary hearing?

Answer 17

A hearing held before the judicial hearing to determine whether there is enough evidence to proceed with trial.

Question 18

What is legal aid?

Answer 18

Supports low income individuals with accessing legal services and support. Example: judicare

Question 19

What is probable cause?

Answer 19

Probable cause is the only proof required before a criminal trial. Probable cause is to believe or have evidence that a crime may have occurred and allows an investigation to take place.

Question 20

What is beyond reasonable doubt?

Answer 20

The higher standard of proof. beyond reasonable doubt ensures that only the individuals found guilty are punished and not those who are thought to be guilty.

Question 21

List the two types of deterrence and describe what they are?

Answer 21

General Deterrence:attempts to discourage, through punishment, an individual offender from committing another crime in the future. Predicated on an individual’s wish to avoid the pain of punishment in the future.
Specific Deterrence:refers to a sentence that is severe enough to stop people from committing crimes. Punishing an offender is intended to have an impact on the members of society.

Question 22

What is selective incapacitation?

Answer 22

The removal or restriction of offender freedoms to prevent future crime from being committed. Usually in the form of imprisonment.

Question 23

What does ISP stand for and what is it? Does it apply to youth or adults?

Answer 23

ISP stands for Instensive Supervision Probation and is used with adults only.

Question 24

What does ISSP stand for and what is it? Does it apply to youth or adults?

Answer 24

ISSP stands for intensive supervision and support program for youth.

Question 25

What is a fine and give an example of a fine option program?

Answer 25

Fines are payed to the state and act as a deterent. Fine option programs are an alternative to fines and are usually in the form of community service.

Question 26

What is the difference between fines and restitution?

Answer 26

a fine is payed to the state and is meant to act as deterrent to a crime. Restitution is payed to the victim usually to pay for theft or medical bills.

Question 27

What are the similarities and differences between John Howard Society and Elizabeth Fry Society?

Answer 27

-both organizations are rooted in criminal justice reform and prison reform -both support individuals with criminal justice involvement but have different target groups -Elizabeth Fry works primarily with women and gender diverse populations -John Howard is a more general services offered to men, women, families and youth -This is reflected in both organizations advocacy work with John Howard primarily advocating for the rights of offenders and Elizabeth Fry focusing primarily on womens rights.

Question 28

Briefly describe the history of the YCJA

Answer 28

there have been three youth justice statutes: the Juvenile Delinquents Act (1908-1984), the Young Offenders Act (YOA) (1984-2003), and the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) (2003-present).

Question 29

What is an IRCS sentence and when is it used?

Answer 29

IRCS stands for Intensive Rehabilitation Custody and Supervision program. -part of YCJA -Avaliable to youth with mental illness or disorder, psychological disorder or an emotional disturbance and who are convicted of murder, attempted murder, manslaughter and aggravated sexual assault.

Question 30

What are some similarities and differences between male and female offenders?

Answer 30

-rates of overrepresentation of women and men of colour are similar -Women are less likely to be sentenced to custody over violent crimes -Family plays a big role in rehabilitation for women -For men family may still play a role but might look different. -Women are more likely to come into systems due to victimization (mental illness, SA, racism etc.)

Question 31

What are some pathways out of the criminal justice system for women?

Answer 31

-Effective programming in community and in justice -appropriately addressing needs relating to trauma and violence-informed, as well as gender-responsive approaches, programming and/or treatment to reduce the likelihood of re- offending -use of agencies like Elizabeth Fry -Early release from prison can help women successfully reintegrate into the community (if appropriate community supports are in place) -Gender responsive approach to meet the needs of women in the criminal justice system.

Question 32

What are barriers out of the criminal justice system for women?

Answer 32

-meeting numerous and strict parole conditions; -finding housing and employment; -obtaining health and mental health care; -obtaining treatment for substance use issues; -obtaining social assistance and/or having financial stability; -reuniting with children and families; and, -dealing with the stigma of their criminalized status.

Question 33

What does ARCC stand for and what is it?

Answer 33

ARCC stands for alternative response to citizens in crisis. It is a collaborative initiative by Winnipeg Police Services and Shared Healths Crisis Response Centre in which both a mental health professional and police officer show up to the call.

Question 34

What are some suggestions for working with offenders with FASD?

Answer 34

The five most consistent guiding principles include: -structure -consistency -brevity -variety persistence

Question 35

What does SOIRA stand for and what are SOIRA orders?

Answer 35

SOIRA is the sex offender information and registration act. Individuals with a SOIRA order are required to provide information such as their name, DOB, address and employment details. SOIRA orders can be in place for 10-20 years or for someones entire life. It aims to help investigate and monitor crime to prevent future crimes.

Question 36

What is specialized court and give an example of a specialized court?

Answer 36

Focus on and aim to address a specific underlying issue to do with a case. For example, drug treatment court, FASD court, domestic violence court and mental health court.

Question 37

What is restorative justice and give an example of a restorative justice program?

Answer 37

Restorative justice aims to restore relationships, repair damage that has been done and prevent future crime from happening again. Manitoba funded programs include: -salvation army -mediation services -westman mediation services and the parkland mediation services (john Howard society of Brandon)