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socialisation and culture Flashcards

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1
Q

What is socialization?

A

The process by which individuals learn and internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of their culture.

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2
Q

What is culture?

A

The shared beliefs, values, and practices of a group of people that are passed down from generation to generation.

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3
Q

What is enculturation?

A

The process of learning one’s own culture through socialization.

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4
Q

What is acculturation?

A

The process of learning a new culture when individuals come into contact with a different culture.

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5
Q

What is cultural relativism?

A

The idea that a person’s beliefs and behaviors should be understood based on that person’s own culture, rather than judged against the criteria of another culture.

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6
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

The tendency to view one’s own culture as superior to others and to judge other cultures based on one’s own cultural standards.

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7
Q

What is cultural shock?

A

The feeling of disorientation and discomfort that people experience when they come into contact with a culture different from their own.

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8
Q

What is cultural diffusion?

A

The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.

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9
Q

What is cultural capital?

A

The knowledge, skills, education, and other cultural assets that provide social mobility and cultural recognition.

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10
Q

What is cultural imperialism?

A

The practice of promoting one culture over others, usually through media and cultural products.

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11
Q

What is cultural hegemony?

A

The domination of a culturally diverse society by the ruling class, who manipulate the culture of that society to reflect their own worldview.

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12
Q

What is subculture?

A

A group within a larger culture that shares distinctive cultural patterns.

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13
Q

What is counterculture?

A

A subculture whose values and norms are in opposition to those of the dominant culture.

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14
Q

What is cultural assimilation?

A

The process by which members of an ethnic minority group adopt the culture of the dominant group.

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15
Q

What is cultural pluralism?

A

The coexistence of different cultural groups within a single society, where each group retains its own cultural identity.

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16
Q

What is cultural hybridity?

A

The mixing of different cultural influences to create new cultural forms.

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17
Q

What is cultural appropriation?

A

The adoption of elements of one culture by members of another culture, often without proper understanding or respect.

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18
Q

What is cultural identity?

A

The sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.

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19
Q

What is cultural memory?

A

The collective memory of a group that shapes its identity and sense of belonging.

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20
Q

What is cultural competency?

A

The ability to interact effectively with people from different cultures.

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21
Q

What is cultural sustainability?

A

The ability of a culture to maintain its core values and practices over time.

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22
Q

What is cultural heritage?

A

The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations.

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23
Q

What is cultural globalization?

A

The worldwide diffusion of cultural beliefs, values, and practices.

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24
Q

What is the definition of norms?

A

Norms are rules or expectations that guide behavior in a particular society or group.

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25
What are the two types of norms?
The two types of norms are prescriptive norms (what people should do) and proscriptive norms (what people should not do).
26
What are values?
Values are beliefs or principles that are important to an individual or group and guide behavior and decision-making.
27
How do norms and values differ?
Norms are specific rules of behavior, while values are broader beliefs or principles.
28
What is the relationship between norms and values?
Norms are often based on the values of a society or group, as they reflect what is considered important or desirable.
29
What is primary socialisation?
The process by which individuals learn and internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of their culture from a young age.
30
True or False: Primary socialisation primarily occurs within the family unit.
True
31
What are the main agents of primary socialisation?
Family, school, peers, and media.
32
Fill in the blank: Primary socialisation lays the foundation for an individual's __________ development.
Social
33
What role does the family play in primary socialisation?
The family is the primary agent of socialisation, teaching individuals basic norms, values, and behaviors.
34
How do peers influence primary socialisation?
Peers provide social interactions that shape an individual's attitudes and behaviors.
35
What is the significance of media in primary socialisation?
Media exposure can influence individuals' perceptions of reality and social norms.
36
True or False: Primary socialisation only occurs during childhood.
False
37
How does primary socialisation impact an individual's identity?
It helps shape an individual's self-concept, values, and beliefs.
38
What are the potential consequences of inadequate primary socialisation?
Social maladjustment, deviant behavior, and difficulty in forming relationships.
39
What role does education play in primary socialisation?
Education reinforces societal values and norms, contributing to an individual's socialization process.
40
How can primary socialisation vary across cultures?
Different cultures may emphasize different values, beliefs, and norms in the socialisation process.
41
What is the relationship between primary socialisation and social institutions?
Social institutions, such as family and education, are key agents of primary socialisation.
42
True or False: Primary socialisation is a one-time process that occurs during childhood.
False
43
What is the role of gender in primary socialisation?
Gender socialisation involves teaching individuals the behaviors and expectations associated with their gender.
44
How do social inequalities influence primary socialisation?
Social inequalities can impact the socialisation process by shaping individuals' opportunities and experiences.
45
What are the key theories of primary socialisation?
Social learning theory, symbolic interactionism, and role theory.
46
How does primary socialisation contribute to social stability?
By transmitting societal norms and values to new generations, ensuring continuity and cohesion within society.
47
What is the role of language in primary socialisation?
Language is a key tool for transmitting cultural values, norms, and beliefs to individuals.
48
True or False: Primary socialisation occurs in isolation from secondary socialisation.
False
49
What is the impact of technological advancements on primary socialisation?
Technology can influence the socialisation process by changing how individuals interact and communicate.
50
How does primary socialisation differ from secondary socialisation?
Primary socialisation occurs during childhood and involves the initial learning of societal norms, while secondary socialisation occurs later in life and reinforces these norms.
51
What role does culture play in primary socialisation?
Culture shapes the values, beliefs, and norms that individuals learn during the socialisation process.
52
True or False: Primary socialisation has a lasting impact on an individual's behavior and attitudes.
True
53
What is secondary socialisation?
The process of learning appropriate behavior within smaller groups in society, such as family, friends, and school.
54
True or False: Secondary socialisation occurs during childhood and adolescence.
True
55
Fill in the blank: Secondary socialisation takes place outside of the _________.
home
56
What are some agents of secondary socialisation?
Peers, teachers, coaches, religious groups, and media.
57
What role does peer group play in secondary socialisation?
Peers help individuals develop their own identities and social skills.
58
True or False: Secondary socialisation only occurs during childhood.
False
59
What is the primary agent of secondary socialisation?
School
60
What is the main goal of secondary socialisation?
To help individuals adapt to norms and values of society.
61
Fill in the blank: Secondary socialisation helps individuals develop their ________.
social identity
62
What are some examples of secondary socialisation in action?
Group projects in school, team sports, and youth clubs.
63
True or False: Secondary socialisation is only influenced by external factors.
False
64
What is the difference between primary and secondary socialisation?
Primary socialisation occurs in early childhood within the family, while secondary socialisation occurs later in various social settings.
65
What is the role of media in secondary socialisation?
Media influences values, beliefs, and behaviors of individuals.
66
Fill in the blank: Secondary socialisation helps individuals become ________ members of society.
productive
67
What is the significance of secondary socialisation in society?
It helps maintain social order and cohesion by teaching individuals how to function in society.
68
True or False: Secondary socialisation is a one-time process.
False
69
What are some challenges of secondary socialisation in modern society?
Conflicting norms from different social settings, rapid technological changes, and globalization.
70
Fill in the blank: Secondary socialisation prepares individuals for their ________ roles in society.
future
71
What are some examples of informal agents of secondary socialisation?
Peers, media, and community groups.
72
True or False: Secondary socialisation can influence an individual's beliefs and values.
True
73
What is the relationship between primary and secondary socialisation?
Primary socialisation lays the foundation for secondary socialisation to build upon.
74
Fill in the blank: Secondary socialisation helps individuals navigate ________ norms and expectations in society.
cultural
75
What is the impact of secondary socialisation on personal development?
It shapes an individual's identity, values, and social behaviors.
76
True or False: Secondary socialisation only occurs in formal educational settings.
False
77
What are some benefits of successful secondary socialisation?
Increased social integration, adaptability, and success in various social contexts.
78
What is the debate between nature and nurture?
The debate between nature and nurture focuses on whether genetics or environment has a greater influence on behavior and development.
79
True or False: Nature refers to genetics and biological factors.
True
80
True or False: Nurture refers to environmental influences and experiences.
True
81
Fill in the blank: The interaction between nature and nurture is often described as _____.
interactionism
82
What does the interactionist perspective suggest about nature and nurture?
The interactionist perspective suggests that both nature and nurture interact to shape behavior and development.
83
What is the purpose of socialization customs?
The purpose of socialization customs is to teach individuals the norms, values, and behaviors of their society.
84
True or False: Socialization customs vary significantly across different cultures.
True
85
Fill in the blank: Socialization customs help individuals develop ____________ skills.
social
86
What role do family and schools play in socialization customs?
Family and schools are key agents in teaching socialization customs to individuals.
87
How do socialization customs impact an individual's identity?
Socialization customs shape an individual's identity by influencing their beliefs, values, and behaviors.

sociology (2 decks)

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