Socialisation & Culture

Question 1

What is a norm?

Answer 1

Expected behaviour.

Question 2

What is a custom?

Answer 2

Something people always do in a particular way.

Question 3

What is a value?

Answer 3

General standards.

Question 4

What is rite of passage?

Answer 4

And event which marks a change in someone’s life.

Question 5

What is a ritual?

Answer 5

Actions that are regularly performed on a special occasion.

Question 6

What is multiculturalism?

Answer 6

A society which contains many different cultures within it.

Question 7

What is cultural transmission?

Answer 7

The passing down of customs from different cultures.

Question 8

What is material culture?

Answer 8

Physical things that people attach an emotional meaning to. (ie.football shirt)

Question 9

What is a non-material culture?

Answer 9

Ideas that people share according to rules, traditions, customs etc.

Question 10

What is a sub-culture?

Answer 10

A culture within a culture.

Question 11

What is formal social control?

Answer 11

Institutions consist of the legal system and the police. (Police, schools, army)

Question 12

What is informal social control?

Answer 12

Taught as children about what is acceptable and unacceptable. (Positive and negative re-enforcement)

Question 13

What are mores?

Answer 13

Ways of behaving that are seen as good or moral.

Question 14

What are roles?

Answer 14

Expected behaviour for a situation we find ourselves in.

Question 15

What are beliefs?

Answer 15

Trust, faith and confidence in something. (Culture, religion)

Question 16

What is nativism?

Answer 16

The theory your characteristics are based on your genetics.

Question 17

What is the nature theory?

Answer 17

Human biology effects the way we act. (A less extreme version of nativism)

Question 18

What is the nurture theory?

Answer 18

The way we act depends on the way we are brought up and how we are socialised.

Question 19

What are feral children?

Answer 19

Children that have little or no human contact. (Eventually becoming wild)

Question 20

What is deviance?

Answer 20

Not acting in a way that is socially acceptable however it’s not against the law.

Question 21

What is criminality?

Answer 21

Committing a crime.

Question 22

What is cultural diversity?

Answer 22

To describe the difference is in behaviour between cultures.

Question 23

What does static mean?

Answer 23

Lacking movement, action or change.

Question 24

What is a collectivist culture? And an example

Answer 24

Belonging to a group is more important than individual freedom. For example China.

Question 25

What is a individualistic culture? And a example.

Answer 25

Emphasises individual freedom and person gain, often at the expense of others. For example Europe.

Question 26

Who came up with the 3 stages of socialisation?

Answer 26

Talcott Parsons

Question 27

What were the three stages of socialisation? (Parsons)

Answer 27

- primary socialisation - secondary socialisation - tertiary socialisation

Question 28

Who are the primary socialisers?

Answer 28

Parents, take values and beliefs from them.

Question 29

Who are the secondary socialisers?

Answer 29

Teachers, friends, media. Socialising is takes place outside the home and teaches what the wider society expects.

Question 30

What is tertiary socialisation?

Answer 30

Adapting to new situations. Changing jobs, becoming a parent.

Question 31

What is ethnocentricity?

Answer 31

Believing you culture is right-judging things through the lens of your culture.

Question 32

What is the hypodermics syringe model?

Answer 32

The media injects information into people's minds. (mainly towards children because they are vulnerable)

Question 33

What is the formal curriculum?

Answer 33

The information that is taught in timetabled lessons.

Question 34

What is the hidden curriculum?

Answer 34

A set of rules and beliefs that are taught unintentionally. (ie. Turn up on time)

Question 35

What is sex?

Answer 35

Biological differences in men and women.

Question 36

What is gender?

Answer 36

Culturally created differences between a man and woman.

Question 37

What is gender identity?

Answer 37

The way you view yourself and the way others view you, in terms of their gender roles.

Question 38

What are gender roles?

Answer 38

Pattern of behaviour that is expected from either sex.

Question 39

What is manipulation?

Answer 39

Treating girls and boys differently. Girls-treated gently Boys-rough and tumble

Question 40

What is canalisation?

Answer 40

Channelled into appropriate activities.(toys) Girls-dolls, kitchens Boys-cars, footballs

Question 41

What is differential activity exposure?

Answer 41

Exposed and encouraged to do different activities. Girls-dusting, baking Boys-raking leaves, cleaning the car

Question 42

What did Modood say?

Answer 42

He said 'in addition to language, there may be food, dress and family traditions that teach ethnicity'

Question 43

What is ethnicity?

Answer 43

People who share cultures.

Question 44

What did Oakley say?

Answer 44

Children learn expected behaviour for their gender through primary socialisation processes.

Question 45

What is canteen culture?

Answer 45

Understanding other people, needed in a lot of workplaces, need to know how to deal with certain problems and attitudes.

Question 46

What is collective conscience and who suggested it?

Answer 46

Derkhelm, it's impossible to have social life without socially accepted values and norms. (eg. Religion)

Question 47

What did William's say?

Answer 47

William's said culture is a way of life.