Socialisation,Culture And identity Flashcards
(48 cards)
Key Terms-Culture
-‘Way of Life’ of a society or group.
-‘Shared meanings,Values and Practises’
-Examples-Language,Faith,Customs
Key Term-Values
-Beliefs and Ideas that society see as important.
-Passed on from Generation to Generation.
-Examples-Changing roles of men and women in relationships.
Key Term-Norms
-Expected Patterns of behaviour that are based on values.
-Subject to change culturally and over time.
-Examples-Wearing a seatbelt in a car based on value of safety and obedience.
Key Term-Customs
-Historical Traditions of a society that mark it out as culturally unique.
-Example-4th of July
Key Term-Status
-Refers to social standing attached to particular roles.
-Ascribed or Achieved.
-Examples-Royal Family vs David Beckham.
Key Term-Subculture
-A culture within a culture,where a group develops distinctive norms+values that are different from culture.
-Examples-Music Taste,Dress Sense.
Key Term-Cultural Diversity
-Refers to the existence of a variety of cultures or ethnic groups within a society.
-Example-Ethnicity
Key Term-Intracultural Diversity
-Differences that exist within society.
-Examples-Sexually Diverse,Social Class Diverse.
Key Term-Intercultural Diversity
-Differences that exist between cultures/Societies.
-Norms+Values may vary between cultures.
-Example-Religions.
Key Term-Cultural Hybridity
-Mixing or merging of two or more cultures.
-Examples-White Wannabes (Nayak)-White men who gain influence from Black Hip-Hop culture.
Brasians (Ballard)-Mixing of British and Asian Culture.
Popular Culture (Mass Culture)
(Strinati)
-Modern day Society.
-Elite look down on this culture.
-Enjoyed by the majority of Population.
-Media has been saturated.
-Dumbed Down Entertainment.
-‘Strinati’:Popular Culture through the Media has now saturated our society.
-Marxists are critical of this culture.
Consumer Culture (Young)
-Glamourises Materialistic Views.
-Constant Pressure to Consume.
-Being in debt is seen as more acceptable.
-Insecurity about Social Class.
-Rising living Standards/wages.
-People Gain Status in the eyes of others.
-Pester Power (Zaretsky)
-Grey Pound (Blaikie)-Anti-aging products/cosmeticisation.
High Culture (Bourdieu)
-Elitist.
-Activities such as:Equestrianism,Polo,Fox-hunting and Opera.
-Look down on others for their lack of engagement with what they view as useful spending of time (Bourdieu).
-Social Closure-Hard to get in.
-Intellectually and aesthetically superior because they are of a higher level.
Global Culture-Hybrid Culture (McLuhan)
-‘Global Village’-The world is becoming more interconnected through social media and globalisation.
-Interconnected Socially.
-No longer distinctive to a country-Merging of Cultures.
-Most Economically developed/Western+USA spread views.
How does the Family transmit/Teach cultural Norms+Values?
-Teaching Communication,Speech.
-Manners.
-Learning how to use a knife and fork.
-Gender Roles.
Primary Socialisation
Functionalist Perspective
(Parsons)
-See the females as the expressive leader who is mainly responsible for the nurturing and socialisation of children in Early Childhood,Children spend most of their time with their family,Child-rearing process,parents and grandparents transmit the dominant Cultural Values and Norms that Children need to learn in order to take their place in society.
Primary Socialisation
New Right Perspective (Murray/Sewell)
-Socialisation in Modern Society is becoming less effective as a result of increasing trends such as divorce and the absence of a father on many one-parent families.They suggest that the existence of social problems such as child abuse and drug addiction is evidence that some families damage children.
Primary Socialisation
Marxist Perspective (Zaretsky)
-Zaretsky-Function of Socialism is to instil capitalist values:-Obedience,Respect of Authority.
-Ensures individuals can be exploited later in life.
-Accept Inequality,Hierarchy—>Leads to Conformity and Subordination.
Primary Socialisation:Family
Feminist Perspective
-Contend that this process Socialises girls into accepting Subordination as they grow up seeing their mother spending more time at home and their father working and being the breadwinner.
Primary Socialisation:Family
Interactionist Perspective
-Socialisation in families is a two way process because it is negotiated.
-Parents/Carers also learn from their Children.
-Not a Universal Process shared by all.
Primary Socialisation:Family
Postmodernist Perspective (Seidler)
-(2006)-Argues that girls from some Asian Backgrounds are adopting Double Identities and Rejecting Activities they are channeled towards outside the family home.
Secondary Socialisation
Formal Curriculum (Durkheim)
-Refers to Academic Subjects that are taught in schools,with Knowledge Acquired from these Subjects,Ultimately tested through Examinations and Rewarded with Qualifications.
-Functionalists Value the Formal Curriculum as the subjects taught link the Individual to the past,Creating pride in our nation,and reinforcing belonging.
Secondary Socialisation
Hidden Curriculum (Bowles & Gintis)
-Routines and Organisation of Schools,Classrooms and Teaching,Shape Pupil Attitudes and Behaviour in order to produce Conformity.
Teaches importance of:
-Obedience
-Regular Attendance
-Respect For Authority
Secondary Socialisation
Peer Groups
-Male+Female peer groups reinforce Gender Appropriate Behaviour and Punish Behaviour seen as belonging to the opposite Gender.
