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UK Politics:A-level Edexcel > Socialism > Flashcards

Socialism Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

What is Socialism?

A

-A political and economic theory of social organisations

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2
Q

What does socialism advocate for?

A

-That the means of production distribution and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

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3
Q

What is Revisionism?

A

-A revived political theory that modifies the established or traditional views.

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4
Q

Example of revisionism:

A

-Debates on the necessity of the Hiroshima bomb

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5
Q

How is the Hiroshima bomb linked to revisionism?

A

-Challenges the idea that bombs were essential to end WW2

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6
Q

What do critics argue for the lack of necessity of the Hiroshima bomb?

A

Japan was already close to surrender,making the bomb unjustified

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7
Q

What is evolutionary socialism?

A
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8
Q

What is the primary goal of evolutionary socialism?

A

To achieve socialism through gradual reforms rather than revolution.

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9
Q

True or False: Evolutionary socialism advocates for immediate and violent overthrow of capitalism.

A

False

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Evolutionary socialism emphasizes __________ over revolutionary methods.

A

gradual change

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11
Q

Which political movement is closely associated with evolutionary socialism?

A

Social democracy

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12
Q

What distinguishes evolutionary socialism from traditional socialism?

A

Its approach of implementing change through democratic processes and reforms.

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13
Q

What is utopian socialism?

A

-A belief that society can be made fair and equal by creating peaceful cooperative communists

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14
Q

Who is considered the father of socialism?

A

Karl Marx

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15
Q

True or False: Socialism advocates for private ownership of the means of production.

A

False

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16
Q

What is the primary goal of socialism?

A

To achieve social equality and justice.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: Marx and Engels published ‘The ________ Manifesto’ in 1848.

A

Communist

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18
Q

Which key thinker is known for the concept of ‘democratic socialism’?

A

Eduard Bernstein

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19
Q

What does the term ‘class struggle’ refer to in Marxist theory?

A

The conflict between different classes in society, particularly between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

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20
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a core principle of socialism?
A) Individualism
B) Social ownership
C) Capital accumulation
D) Laissez-faire

A

B) Social ownership

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21
Q

Who argued that socialism should evolve through democratic means rather than revolution?

A

Eduard Bernstein

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22
Q

True or False: Socialism supports the idea of a planned economy.

A

True

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23
Q

What is ‘collectivism’ in the context of socialism?

A

The principle of prioritizing the group over the individual in economic and social policies.

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: The key idea of ________ is that the state should own and control the means of production.

A

socialism

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25
Which socialist thinker emphasized the importance of the welfare state?
Anthony Crosland
26
What does the term 'proletariat' refer to in Marxist theory?
The working class who sell their labor for wages.
27
Multiple Choice: Which of the following thinkers is associated with 'utopian socialism'? A) Karl Marx B) Robert Owen C) Friedrich Engels D) Rosa Luxemburg
B) Robert Owen
28
True or False: Rosa Luxemburg believed in the necessity of revolutionary action to achieve socialism.
True
29
What is the significance of the 'Labour Theory of Value' in socialist economics?
It posits that the value of a good is determined by the labor required to produce it.
30
Who is known for the phrase 'from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs'?
Karl Marx
31
Fill in the blank: The ________ is the class that owns the means of production according to Marx.
bourgeoisie
32
Which key thinker introduced the idea of 'revisionism' in socialism?
Eduard Bernstein
33
Multiple Choice: What does 'Marxism-Leninism' emphasize? A) Democratic reform B) Vanguard party leadership C) Anarchism D) Free markets
B) Vanguard party leadership
34
True or False: Socialism is synonymous with communism.
False
35
What is the main difference between socialism and capitalism?
Socialism advocates for social ownership of production, while capitalism supports private ownership.
36
Who argued for the idea of 'social democracy'?
Bernie Sanders
37
Fill in the blank: 'The State and Revolution' is a work by ________.
Vladimir Lenin
38
What does the term 'social justice' mean in the context of socialism?
The fair distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society.
39
What are the key ideas of utopian socialism?
-People should work together not compete -Everyone should share wealth fairly -Change should happen peacefully,not through violence
40
What is Marxism?
-A belief that workers should overthrow the rich and create a classless,fair society.
41
Who are the important thinkers of utopian socialism?
Henri de Saint-Simon: wanted experts to run society not kings Charles Fourier-Planned small,happy communities called “Phalansteries” Robert Owen-Built better workplaces and laws for workers
42
How is utopian socialism different from Marxism?
-Utopian is peaceful change but Marxism calls for revolution -Utopian wants to create perfect communities but Marxism wants workers to take power -Utopian wants the rich to share but Marxism wants to destroy capitalism
43
Why would utopian socialism fail?
-Most communities were too expensive -Gov and rich people didn’t support it -Didn’t deal with real power struggles
44
What are the key ideas of Marxism?
-History is a struggle between the rich and the workers -Workers should take control of factories and land -Capitalism must be destroyed and replaces with socialism or communism
45
Who are important thinkers of communism?
-Karl Marx:wrote ‘The Communist Manifesto’ and believed in class struggle -Friedrich Engels: Worked with Marx to develop communist ideas
46
How did Marxism fail?
-Revolutions led to dictatorships -Many economics struggled under socialism -Some workers didn’t support violent revolution
47
What’s Capitalism?
-An economic and political system in which property and resources are owned privately,rather than by the states, with the intention of generating profit
48
What is the Bourgeoise?
-Social class which own the capitalist means of production and society’s wealth -Assumed to be the most interested in the preservation of their private property and their wealth
49
What is a proletariat?
-The working class;the wage-earners. -The social group does. To own the means of production in a capitalist society
50
How can socialism be split?
-Revolutionary Socialism -Evolutionary Socialism
51
What are the two main strands of revolutionary socialism?
-Utopian socialism -Marxism
52
What are the 3 strands of evolutionary socialism?
-Democratic socialism -Social democracy -Third way
53
What is evolutionary socialism?
A political ideology that seeks to achieve socialist goals through gradual reform rather than revolutionary means.
54
Which are the three main strands of evolutionary socialism?
Democratic socialism, social democracy, and evolutionary Marxism.
55
True or False: Democratic socialism advocates for the complete abolition of capitalism.
False.
56
Fill in the blank: __________ socialism emphasizes the importance of democratic processes in achieving socialist objectives.
Democratic
57
What distinguishes social democracy from democratic socialism?
Social democracy seeks to reform capitalism while maintaining a capitalist economy, unlike democratic socialism which aims for a socialist economy.
58
Which strand of evolutionary socialism is most associated with the idea of gradual reform?
Social democracy.
59
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of social democracy? A) The Bolshevik Revolution B) The New Deal C) The French Revolution
B) The New Deal.
60
What is the primary goal of evolutionary Marxism?
To adapt Marxist principles to democratic and reformist practices.
61
True or False: Evolutionary socialism rejects the idea of state intervention in the economy.
False.
62
Short Answer: Name one key thinker associated with democratic socialism.
Bernie Sanders.
63
Fill in the blank: __________ Marxism seeks to evolve Marxist theory in a way that supports parliamentary democracy.
Evolutionary
64
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of social democracy? A) Emphasis on social justice B) Support for free market capitalism C) Advocacy for revolutionary change
C) Advocacy for revolutionary change.
65
What historical context gave rise to evolutionary socialism?
The failure of revolutionary socialism to achieve its goals in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
66
True or False: Evolutionary socialism is considered a reformist approach.
True.
67
Short Answer: Identify a country that exemplifies social democracy.
Sweden.
68
What is a key critique of evolutionary socialism?
It may compromise on fundamental socialist principles for the sake of electoral success.
69
Multiple Choice: Which concept is central to democratic socialism? A) Authoritarianism B) Individual liberties C) Totalitarianism
B) Individual liberties.
70
Fill in the blank: Social democracy aims to balance __________ and social justice.
capitalism
71
What role do trade unions play in evolutionary socialism?
They advocate for workers' rights and influence policy reforms.
72
True or False: Evolutionary socialism dismisses the importance of political participation.
False.
73
What is false consciousness
When the working class is misled into accepting ideas that go against their own interests
74
What is Dual consciousness
Holding two perspectives: one from personal experience and one from society’s dominant view.
75
Class consciousness:
Awareness of shared interests within a class, leading to collective action.
76
Historic Materialism:
The idea that economic conditions drive historical change.
77
Dialectic:
Conflict between opposing ideas creates change.
78
Keynesianism:
Government intervention to stabilise the economy.
79
What is false consciousness?
When the working class is misled into accepting ideas that go against their own interests.
80
Dual Consciousness:
Holding two perspectives: one from personal experience and one from society’s dominant view.

UK Politics:A-level Edexcel (6 decks)

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