Socialism

Question 1

Strands

Answer 1

Revolutionary Socialism
Social Democracy Socialism
Third Way Socialism

Question 2

Core Beliefs

Answer 2

Common Humanity
Workers’ Control
Social Class
Collectivism
Equality

Question 3

Key Thinkers

Answer 3

Rosa Luxembourg
Karl Marx and Fredich Engels
Beatrice Webb
Anthony Giddens
Anthony Crosland

Question 4

“The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle”

Answer 4

Marx and Engels
Communist Manifesto (1848)

Question 5

Developed theory of historical materialism

Answer 5

The economic bases shapes the superstructure
Marx and Engels

Question 6

Society: “two great classes directly facing each other”

Answer 6

Marx and Engels
Communist Manifesto (1848)

Question 7

Believed proletariat will achieve “revolutionary class consciousness” then rise up in revolution, overthrow bourgeoisie, establish common ownership of factories, establish a temporary “dictatorship of the proletariat” then state will “wither away”

Answer 7

Marx (and Engels)

Question 8

Theory of alienation

Answer 8

Marx

Question 9

Was an ‘evolutionary socialist’
Gradual parliamentary strategy would inevitably achieve socialism

Answer 9

Beatrice Webb

Question 10

Believed state expansion required - state needed to be “impregnated’ with a technical elite

Answer 10

Beatrice Webb

Question 11

Believed sympathetic, well trained civil servants would “guide the mass of citizens to a socialist state”

Answer 11

Beatrice Webb

Question 12

Vanguardism

Answer 12

Beatrice Webb

Question 13

Founded:
The Fabian Society
The Minority Report
London School of Economics

Answer 13

Beatrice Webb

Question 14

“The working classes in every country only learn to fight in the course of their struggles” (working class consciousness)

Answer 14

Rosa Luxemburg

Question 15

“Freedom is how free your opponent is”

Answer 15

Rosa Luxemburg

Question 16

Was sceptical of Lenin’s idea of revolutionary vanguard (elite) of intellectuals taking control of the revolution

Answer 16

Rosa Luxemburg

Question 17

Was a revisionist

Answer 17

Anthony Crosland

Question 18

“Classless society”
Believed class conflict no longer key driver of social changes

Answer 18

Anthony Crosland

Question 19

Believed capitalism needed to be “managed”
Can deliver social justice and some degree of economic equality

Answer 19

Anthony Crosland

Question 20

Led campaigns to replace grammar schools with comprehensive schools and to try to break down class divisions

Answer 20

Anthony Crosland

Question 21

“Government has an essential role to play in investing in the human resources and infrastructure needed to develop an entrepreneurial culture”

Answer 21

Anthony Giddens

Question 22

Agreements over the state

Answer 22

There is at least some role for the state in the economy to meet at least some human needs

Question 23

Disagreements over the state

Answer 23

The role of the state in relation to capitalism
The future of the state

Question 24

Agreements over the economy

Answer 24

There should be some state intervention in the economy to provide greater social justice

Question 25

Disagreements over the economy

Answer 25

Type of economy View/perspective of capitalism

Question 26

Agreements over human nature

Answer 26

Humans are capable of being cooperative, sociable and rational People can achieve more working together than apart

Question 27

Disagreements over human nature

Answer 27

Cause of human nature/behaviour

Question 28

Agreements over society

Answer 28

Support some focus on common humanity and wish to breakdown class divides

Question 29

Disagreements over society

Answer 29

Structure of society Improvements to society