socialism Flashcards
(26 cards)
What does Karl Marx state about the history of societies?
The history of all hitherto societies has been the history of class struggles.
This quote is from ‘The Communist Manifesto’.
What do the proletarians have to lose according to Karl Marx?
They have nothing to lose but their chains.
This quote is also from ‘The Communist Manifesto’.
How does Marx define the state?
The state is nothing but an instrument for the oppression of one class by another.
This is quoted from ‘Critique of the Gotha Programme’.
What is Marx’s view on human nature?
Humans are shaped by material conditions and the class struggle.
He believes capitalism breeds exploitation and alienation.
What does Marx envision for humanity under communism?
A classless society where exploitation ceases, allowing individuals to reach their full potential.
What is the relationship between the forces of production and the relations of production according to Marx?
A dialectical relationship that leads to class struggle and revolution.
What are the stages of society’s evolution according to Marx?
Feudalism → Capitalism → Socialism → Communism.
What is Marx’s perspective on the economy?
It should be based on collective ownership of the means of production.
He argues that capitalism is exploitative and leads to inequality.
What is Rosa Luxemburg’s view on revolution?
Revolution is necessary to free humanity from the tyranny of the capitalist system.
What does Luxemburg say about the dictatorship of the proletariat?
she rejects it. arguing that after the revolution there should be free elections and a society built on common ownership
How does Luxemburg view human nature?
Humans are inherently social, and capitalism corrupts their natural desires for cooperation.
What approach does Luxemburg advocate for societal transformation?
Revolution, not reform.
What is Beatrice Webb’s perspective on human nature?
Human nature is a product of social and economic conditions, which can be improved through gradual reforms.
What does Webb believe about the role of the state? (class)
The state must be used as an instrument of reform to improve the lives of the working class.
What is Anthony Crosland’s view on a mixed economy?
A mixed economy, where both state and private sectors work together, is the most practical solution.
What is Anthony Giddens’ perspective on social democracy?
To combine the best aspects of capitalism with a strong role for the state in reducing inequality.
Fill in the blank: According to Giddens, the market should be managed to ensure it serves the interests of _______.
the majority.
What does Giddens argue about the state in relation to the market economy?
The state should not simply be a passive bystander; it must be actively involved.
What does Rosa Luxemburg believe about individualism?
She rejects individualism in favor of human emancipation through collective action.
How does Webb view the economy?
It must be managed to meet the needs of the people, rather than the profits of the rich.
True or False: Giddens believes that the state should fully control the economy.
False.
What does Luxemburg argue about the state in the hands of the proletariat?
It could become a tool of oppression if not constantly controlled by the people.
What do both Marx and Luxemburg agree on regarding capitalism?
They view capitalism as exploitative.
What does Giddens suggest about the balance between market forces and social justice?
A balance between capitalist productivity and social justice is key to economic prosperity.
