socialism

Question 1

Collectivism

Answer 1

The belief that collective human effort is morally and economically superior to individualism.

Question 2

Common Ownership

Answer 2

Key to achieving equality; resources should be owned by the community or state, not individuals.

Question 3

Equality

Answer 3

Central goal of socialism; economic and social equality are necessary for justice and fairness.

Question 4

Class Conflict

Answer 4

History is shaped by conflict between economic classes; socialism aims to resolve it.

Question 5

Social Justice

Answer 5

Fairness in distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within society.

Question 6

Fraternity

Answer 6

The idea of a shared humanity and co-operation rather than competition.

Question 7

Workers’ Control

Answer 7

The idea that workers should have control over the means of production and their workplace.

Question 8

Capitalism

Answer 8

Seen as exploitative and responsible for inequality; socialists aim to reform or replace it.

Question 9

The State

Answer 9

Can be used to deliver socialism, though views on its role vary among branches.

Question 10

Revolutionary Socialism

Answer 10

Believes capitalism must be overthrown through revolution, not reform (e.g., Marxism, Communism).

Question 11

Social Democracy

Answer 11

Aims to reform capitalism through democratic means and state welfare; supports a mixed economy.

Question 12

Third Way (Revisionist)

Answer 12

Combines market economy with social justice; focuses on equality of opportunity, not outcome.

Question 13

Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels –

Answer 13

Revolutionary Socialists: Argued that capitalism inevitably leads to class conflict and must be abolished through revolution.

Question 14

Beatrice Webb –

Answer 14

Believed in gradual, bureaucratic reform to bring about socialism through democratic means.

Question 15

Anthony Crosland –

Answer 15

Social Democrat: Argued that capitalism had evolved and could be managed with welfare and redistribution for equality.

Question 16

Anthony Giddens –

Answer 16

Third Way / Revisionist: Proposed reconciling social justice with a dynamic capitalist economy, stressing equality of opportunity over outcome.

Question 17

Rosa Luxemburg –

Answer 17

Classical and fundamentalist socialist; rejected evolutionary socialism, advocated spontaneous mass revolution, defended democratic freedom, and opposed authoritarian Leninism.