Socialization

Question 1

Nature

Answer 1

Behavior that is born, instinctual - “mother’s instinct”

Question 2

Nurture

Answer 2

Behavior that is learned- showing empathy.

Question 3

What is Socialization?

Answer 3

The way people integrate into a society, group or culture.

Question 4

What is Conformity?

Answer 4

Behaving in a socially acceptable way, that occurs in any given society or culture.

Question 5

How can sociologists differ between what is nature and nurture?

Answer 5

Looking at feral children and their behaviors.

Question 6

What did feral children teach sociologists?

Answer 6

1. Children raised without human contact lack fundamental human behaviors (talking, walking upright).
2. Less value on nature. Nurture is key in the proper development of humans.

Question 7

Two components of Socialization?

Answer 7

1. Universal - how to communicate, affection.
2. Culturally Specific - holding up the middle finger in America is offensive but its the thumbs up i Iraq or Iran.

Question 8

Primary agents of socialization

Answer 8

1. Family
2. Peers

Question 9

Secondary agents of socialization

Answer 9

1. Education
2. Mass Media
3. Religion

Question 10

What are agents of socialization?

Answer 10

The areas of society that teach us behavioral rules.

Question 11

How are agents of socialization done and teach social behavior?

Answer 11

1. Someone must establish what is right and wrong in a society.
2. Formal and Informal control.
3. Positive and negative sanctions.

Question 12

Primary agents of socialization - definition

Answer 12

Identified as the agencies of intimate face to face association and cooperation. - Cooley

Question 13

Family overview

Answer 13

Family - Meets the early and Basic socialization skills.

Question 14

Peers Overview

Answer 14

Peers - Age based friends and work colleagues develop more advanced socialization skills.

Question 15

Family

Answer 15

The foundation of our moral values and our individual identity because the child is entirely dependent on the parents.

Question 16

Family: primary purpose

Answer 16

To lay the foundation for a competent member of society.

Question 17

Family: Primary control used

Answer 17

Informal: because children lack language skills to read formal rules.

Question 18

Family: primary sanction used

Answer 18

Dependent on parenting style
Negative - punishment
Positive - reward

Question 19

Peers

Answer 19

Usually the age group in-which we associate and as we age the age range of what defines peer becomes more diverse.

Question 20

Peer-group norms

Answer 20

As we progress through childhood, into teenage and young adult age the peer group has more influence as an agency of socialization including dress, talk, and social interactions “social Scripts”.

Question 20

Sub-cultures

Answer 20

Cultural groups within a larger group. ex: goths and jocks. The macro group is teenagers but that can be broken down into micro groups.

Question 21

Peer group sanctions

Answer 21

Informal Social sanctions or rewards and punishments in the presence of the group.

Question 22

Secondary agents of socialization

Answer 22

1. Education
2. Mass media
3. Religion

Question 23

Secondary agents of socialization: defenition

Answer 23

Identified as a sense of detachment from the ones teaching socialization. Do not have close personal contact. Parsons argued the purpose was to free us from the primary agencies.

Question 24

Religion

Answer 24

1. The historical influence of religion over family (roles) and government (laws)
2. Based in right and wrong so religion is how to live your life.

Question 25

Religion: values as sources of conflict

Answer 25

1. between religions
2. within religions (catholics vs. baptists)

Question 26

Sanctions: based on afterlife

Answer 26

1. Positive - heaven, reincarnation to a new life.
2. Negative - hell, reincarnation to a lesser life form

Question 27

Two kinds of curricula

Answer 27

1. formal curriculum - subjects, knowledge, and skills. most countries practice a liberal arts education.
2. hidden curriculum - Social skills. Based in the integration of many different cultural beliefs. and states beliefs (capitalism or socialism)

Question 28

Education: value systems

Answer 28

1. The high and low value we place on educational tasks without actually saying it.
2. writing an essay is more valued than bricklaying.

Question 29

Education: Marxist perpective

Answer 29

School norms and work norms are the same.

Question 30

Consumerism

Answer 30

The active pursuit of want, which defines our happiness.

Question 31

Mass media

Answer 31

How information is given to the majority in a society.

Question 32

Short term effects of mass media

Answer 32

1. Imitation - copying behavior we see in mass media.
2. Desensitization - exposure makes us change the value - violence and sex.
3. Learning - new ideas and places can change our perspective

Question 33

Creating Identity - interactionist (mead)

Answer 33

I - our opinion of ourselves, the unsocialized self. how we respond to the behavior of others. unsocialized self.
Me - awareness of how others expect us to behave in a given situation, social self.

Question 34

Looking glass self

Answer 34

How people respond to you, is the mirror of your self identity. cooley’s theory.

Question 35

Goffman’s argument - interactionist

Answer 35

Our identity is socially constructed through how er present ourselves to others, called identity performance, based on cooleys theory.

Question 36

Creating Identity - Post modernist

Answer 36

1. New uncertainties based on changing ideas of identity.
2. social change has created different views on identity (male/female/non binary)
3. primary sources of identity (class, age, and gender) have less meaning in developing self.
4. metanarritives are the primary mehtod used - how people create their identity (common themes, traits, norms)

Question 37

Two modern social catagories that create identity - post-modernist

Answer 37

1. consumptions
2. cyber identities

Question 38

Effects of mass media on socialization

Answer 38

1. Immediacy - has created a need for immediacy in other structures.
2. valifation - likes etc roles and norms are being created for individual
3. technology has given us access to different cultures, people fund others with smae norms and surround themselves - afforms their perspective.