SocialPsych2

Question 1

Norman triplett

Answer 1

published first study of social psychology, investigated effect of competition on performance

Question 2

William McDougall

Answer 2

1 of first textbooks on social Psych

Question 3

E.H. Ross

Answer 3

1 of first textbooks on social Psych

Question 4

Verplank

Answer 4

social approbal influences behavior- conversation changes by feedback

Question 5

Reinforcement Theory

Answer 5

behavior motivated by anticipated rewards

Question 6

Social Learning theories

Answer 6

Bandura, challenged early reinforcement theories

Question 7

Role Theory

Answer 7

aware of social roles, behavior follows

Question 8

Attitudes

Answer 8

Cognition or beliefs, feelings, and behavioral predisposition

Question 9

Balance Theory

Answer 9

Fritz Heider, how 3 things relate, harmony or stress

Question 10

Free Choice Dissonance

Answer 10

Free and equal decision, creats post-decision dissonance

Question 11

Spreading of Alternative

Answer 11

Highlight positives of chosen, negatives of unchosen to remove dissonance

Question 12

Forced Compliance Dissonance

Answer 12

Forced into behavior inconsistant with belief (by reward or punishment)

Question 13

Insufficient justification effect

Answer 13

reduce dissonance by changing internal cognition if external justification is minimal

Question 14

Self Perception Theory

Answer 14

Daryl Belm, When attitudes are weak or ambiguous, observe behavior and atrribute an attitude to self

Question 15

Overjustification effect

Answer 15

Rewarded heavily for something initially enjoy, may not enjoy any longer

Question 16

Carl Hovland

Answer 16

Attitude change through persuasion: communicator, communication, environment

Question 17

Hovland’s Model

Answer 17

Credibility important, submarine report

Question 18

Sleeper effect

Answer 18

Overtime, low-credibility source has greater influence, while highly credibile source is diminished

Question 19

Elaboration likelihood model of persuasion

Answer 19

Petty and Cacioppo, central & peripheral routes to persuassion

Question 20

Central Route to Persuasion

Answer 20

care deeply, closely evaluate argument by developing counterarguments

Question 21

Peripheral Route to persuassion

Answer 21

Don’t care as much, strength of argument not important, who, how, and where important

Question 22

William McGuire

Answer 22

Analogy of Inoculation, resistance to persuasion

Question 23

Cultural truisms

Answer 23

Beliefs that are seldom questioned, vulnerable to attack because not use to defending

Question 24

Refuted Counterarguments

Answer 24

Become innoculated, practice defending beliefs

Question 25

Social Comparison Theory

Answer 25

Festinger, 1.Evaluate self by objective nonsocial means unless cant 2. less similarities, less comparison between 3. discrepancy, change own position inline with group

Question 26

Stanley Schachter

Answer 26

greater anxiety=greater desire to affiliate, more comfortable with other anxious people

Question 27

Gain-Loss Principle

Answer 27

Aronson and Linder, evaluation that changes has more impact than a constant one (like someone more who has increased liking towards us)

Question 28

Social Exchange Theory

Answer 28

Weigh rewards/costs of interacting with someone

Question 29

Equity Theory

Answer 29

Measure not only personal rewards/costs, but those of other person, want to be equsal

Question 30

Need Complementarity

Answer 30

Choose relationships so that they mutually satisfy each others needs

Question 31

Robert Zajonc

Answer 31

Mere-exposure research

Question 32

Batson's Empathy-Altruism model

Answer 32

Feel either distress or empathy, if empathy, more likely help regardless of easy or hard escape (take place of person receiving shock)

Question 33

Frustration-aggression Hypothesis

Answer 33

Feel frustrated, act aggressively

Question 34

Social Learning Theory

Answer 34

Bandura, learn through modeling or reinforcement

Question 35

Autokinetic effect

Answer 35

stare at light in dark room, light appears to move

Question 36

Sherif Conformity

Answer 36

Autokinetic effect, estimates of movement changed in line with the group vs solitary

Question 37

Conformity

Answer 37

Milgrim, Sherif, Asch

Question 38

Clark & Clark

Answer 38

Doll Preference, white and black girls

Question 39

Attribution Theory

Answer 39

Heider, infer causes of other people's behavior: dispositional or situational

Question 40

Fundamental Attribution error

Answer 40

For others, dispositional. For self, situational

Question 41

M.J. Lerner

Answer 41

Belief in a just world

Question 42

Theodore Newcomb

Answer 42

Bennington College, students became more liberla, adopting norm of community. Analyzed voting by grade

Question 43

Edward Hall

Answer 43

Norms on how close to stand to someone based on relationship (Proxemics)

Question 44

Zajonc

Answer 44

presence of others increases arousals and enhances dominant responses

Question 45

Zimbardo

Answer 45

Prison experiment, act more antisocial when feel anonymous. Deindividuation

Question 46

Irving Janis

Answer 46

Groupthink, strive for consensus so don’t condifer discordant info--examined history failures

Question 47

Risky Shift

Answer 47

Group decisions riskier than individual: Value hypothesis- when riskiness is culturally valued

Question 48

James Stoner

Answer 48

Decision between keeping baby that could hurt mother, chose towards caution--discrepant with risky shift

Question 49

Group Polarization

Answer 49

Decisions become more extreme, riskier or more cautious in group, leaning towards origional view

Question 50

Kurt Lewin

Answer 50

Autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire leadership styles for after school groups.

Question 51

Autocratic Leader

Answer 51

Boys more hostile, aggressive, dependent on leader

Question 52

Democratic leader

Answer 52

Most satisyfing and cohesive for members, more motivation and interest

Question 53

Laizzes-fair leaders

Answer 53

low efficiency, organization, satisfaction

Question 54

Prisoner's Dilemma

Answer 54

Cooperation and competition standard

Question 55

Robber's Cave

Answer 55

Muzafer Sherif, group cohesion, then competition, then cooperation to repair relationship

Question 56

Superordinate goals

Answer 56

goals to get two disinterested groups to cooperate

Question 57

Bem

Answer 57

Self-Perception theory, alternative to cognitive dissonance

Question 58

Eagly

Answer 58

Suggested gender differences in conformity werent due to gender but social roles