Societal Diversity

Question 1

determined by biologically inherited traits

Answer 1

Race

Question 2

refers to a common cultural heritage

Answer 2

Ethnicity

Question 3

Use of past deviant behavior as a predictor of future actions

Answer 3

Projective labeling

Question 4

Non-genital differences in sex, such as hormones, height and hair

Answer 4

Secondary sex characteristics

Question 5

A type of feminism that urges sweeping social change, including ending capitalism, because it supports the status quo; focus on economics and politics

Answer 5

Socialist feminism

Question 6

Retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and social protection

Answer 6

4 reasons for social punishment

Question 7

A type of punishment where the offending party is removed from society - for example, being imprisoned.

Answer 7

Societal Protection

Question 8

A social position difference that takes place over several generations

Answer 8

Intergenerational mobility

Question 9

A small Jewish community that attempts to create a utopic society; important principles include gender equality and all members working hard on behalf of the community

Answer 9

Kibbutz

Question 10

Crime committed by those who have high social standing; frequently committed as part of their work; usually non-violent and money-related

Answer 10

White collar crime

Question 11

When the language and/or culture of a group starts to reflect that of another’s

Answer 11

Assimilation

Question 12

The existence of 2 or more groups of people in 1 place; some outcomes include assimilation, miscegenation, segregation, and genocide

Answer 12

Pluralism

Question 13

Believing that some women are pure and should be treated well, while others are bad and hence should be treated poorly

Answer 13

Ambivalent sexism

Question 14

Purposefully killing a specific group of people

Answer 14

Genocide

Question 15

Describes people with an unusual chromosomal makeup, such as XYY or XXX; traditional is XX (women) and XY (men)

Answer 15

Intersexed

Question 16

Monogamous relationships are between 2 people, whereas polygamous ones are among more than 2

Answer 16

Monogamy vs. polygamy

Question 17

A group of people that have been subordinated by society and are distinguished by something physical or cultural

Answer 17

Social minority

Question 18

Describes people who are sexually attracted to both women and men

Answer 18

Bisexual

Question 19

By U.S. law, men cannot be raped and people are unclear on the concept; sexual violence is seen as a crime of strength, and men seen as stronger than women; there are fewer resources for men

Answer 19

Reasons sexual violence against men might not be discussed

Question 20

Something someone does that is viewed as breaking a societal or cultural norm

Answer 20

Deviance

Question 21

Belief that men are fundamentally superior to women

Answer 21

Old-fashioned sexism

Question 22

affect prejudice
behavior discrimination
cognition stereotypes

Answer 22

Components of the ABC Model

Question 23

a group or business that deals in illegal goods or services

Answer 23

Organized crime

Question 24

Societal punishment for those who commit crimes that involves helping change their ways to prevent future rule-breaking

Answer 24

Rehabilitation

Question 25

When punishment is used to try and convince people that committing their crime would not be worth the consequence

Answer 25

Deterrence

Question 26

Separating groups of people from each other using legal means

Answer 26

Segregation

Question 27

Mixing of races by way of procreation

Answer 27

Miscegenation

Question 28

Belief that (1) sexism is no longer an issue, (2) as such, programs designed to help women are pointless and (3) sexism claims are just made to cause trouble

Answer 28

Modern sexism

Question 29

Internal and external genitalia

Answer 29

Primary sex characteristics

Question 30

Describes a person who is sexually attracted to people of the same sex

Answer 30

Homosexual

Question 31

A closed social stratification system where a person's caste is hereditary

Answer 31

Caste system

Question 32

When a society continually gives advantages to one sex

Answer 32

Institutional sexism

Question 33

A type of feminism that focuses on the ways society rewards masculine behavior, and how it could be improved by promoting feminine behavior

Answer 33

Cultural feminism

Question 34

Describes people who are sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex

Answer 34

Heterosexual

Question 35

A form of sexual harassment where someone wants something in exchange for sex

Answer 35

Quid pro quo harassment

Question 36

(1) It is a trait of society; (2) continues from generation to generation; (3) it exists in all societies, but is structured differently; (4) related to both inequality and beliefs

Answer 36

4 principles of social stratification

Question 37

The theory that people become prejudiced as a method of making them feel better about themselves by making their own identity more attractive.

Answer 37

Social identity theory

Question 38

Sex describes the way women and men are biologically different. Gender describes how masculine or feminine a person feels.

Answer 38

Sex vs. Gender

Question 39

A change in social status that happens in one person's lifetime

Answer 39

Intragenerational mobility

Question 40

Theory that sexuality is flexible and works on a sliding scale between completely heterosexual and completely homosexual with bisexuality in the middle; popularized by Alfred Kinsey

Answer 40

Sexual orientation scale

Question 41

Believing that women are more pure than men and should be treated delicately

Answer 41

Benevolent sexism

Question 42

A type of feminism that believes in the complete elimination of the concept of gender; most extreme form of feminism

Answer 42

Radical feminism

Question 43

The belief that all individuals should have equality; most common type of modern feminism

Answer 43

Liberal feminism

Question 44

A way for people to blame other people for their own issues

Answer 44

Scapegoat theory

Question 45

A system of social stratification which is open and organizes society into classes that have access to different resources

Answer 45

Class system

Question 46

Crimes committed by the average American; large range, but often highly visual and disproportionately punished

Answer 46

Blue collar crime

Question 47

Crimes committed by a company or someone on behalf of that company

Answer 47

Corporate crime

Question 48

When society punishes someone who has committed a crime in such a way that they suffer as much as the suffering that occurred as a result of their crime

Answer 48

Retribution

Question 49

a relationship involving one man and more than one woman

Answer 49

Polygyny

Question 50

a relationship involving one woman and more than one man

Answer 50

polyandry

Question 51

The belief that women like to control men; characterized by bitterness and anger

Answer 51

Hostile sexism

Question 52

Type of sexual harassment that can include gestures, words, or other acts that make someone feel uncomfortable

Answer 52

Hostile environment

Question 53

that the culture and structure of society itself pressures individuals to be criminally deviant.

Answer 53

Robert Merton's strain theory

Question 54

that deviance is a natural and necessary part of society

Answer 54

Emile Durkheim's deviance theory

Question 55

an initial violation of a social norm about which no inference is made regarding a person's character, have little reaction from others and so have little effect on a person's self-concept.

Answer 55

Primary deviance

Question 56

when a person repeatedly violates a social norm, gets such a strong reaction from others that the individual is typically shunned and excluded from certain social groups.

Answer 56

secondary deviance

Question 57

a powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity.

Answer 57

stigma

Question 58

social stratification in which status is ascribed from birth.

Answer 58

closed system

Question 59

a change in position within the social hierarchy.

Answer 59

social mobility

Question 60

status is achieved through merit or effort.

Answer 60

open system

Question 61

Looking for suitable marriage partners outside of one's group is a cultural practice

Answer 61

exogamy

Question 62

defined as sexual relationships or marriage between people of the same social group.

Answer 62

endogamy

Question 63

is an action that denies the rights of a person due to their membership in a group.

Answer 63

Discrimination

Question 64

a feeling about a person based on their membership in a group.

Answer 64

Prejudice

Question 65

a belief about a certain group of people.

Answer 65

stereotype