Society in the 1970s

Question 1

How can the women’s rights movement be seen as international?

Answer 1

second wave feminism at its peak and International Women’s Day declared in 1977

Question 2

What was set up in 1970?

Answer 2

Women’s liberation groups

Question 3

What did Women’s Lib groups protest?

Answer 3

A Miss World Contest as they felt its premise objectified women

Question 4

What was the aim of Women’s Lib groups?

Answer 4

equal pay for women & free 24 hour nurseries

Question 5

How was the feminist movement split?

Answer 5

Radical Feminists & Socialist Feminists

Question 6

What were the main aims of radical feminists?

Answer 6

• sometimes referred to as separatists
• believed women were oppressed by a patriarchal society
• campaigned on issues such as reproductive rights

Question 7

What were the main aims of socialist femininsts?

Answer 7

• focused on equality
• campaigned on issues such as enabling women to achieve financial independence

Question 8

How was some progress made?

Answer 8

• advancement in reproductive rights
• attempts made to tackle violence against women (1976 Domestic Violence Act)
• birth control pill more widespread after introduced to NHS

Question 9

What is the 1976 Domestic Violence Act?

Answer 9

allows women to take out restraining orders against abusive partners

Question 10

What act was passed in 1975 that showed progression of female rights?

Answer 10

Sex Discrimination Act

Question 11

What was the aim of the Sex Discrimination act?

Answer 11

• to end discrimination based on marital status or gender
• equal opportunity in education and employment

Question 12

How was the Sex Discrimination Act successful?

Answer 12

• women now able to get a mortgage without a male guarantor
• led to the Employment Protection Act = paid maternity leave + cannot be fired due to pregnancy

Question 13

How was the Sex Discrimination Act a failure?

Answer 13

• trade unions remained dominated by men
• employers set out different tasks for men to avoid equal pay (loopholes created)

Question 14

When does the 1970 Equal Pay act come into fruition?

Answer 14

1975

Question 15

How did the Conservative government limit immigration in 1971?

Answer 15

The Immigration Act = restricts the rights of people from the New Commonwealth coming to Britain - requires a guaranteed job and at least one British (born) grandparent

Question 16

What group of people were exempt from the Immigration Act?

Answer 16

Ugandan Asians

Question 17

Where did many immigrants settle?

Answer 17

• London (Brick Lane area)
• Bradford

Question 18

How many immigrants from the new commonwealth came to Britain by 1974?

Answer 18

one million

Question 19

How had attitudes towards immigration improved?

Answer 19

• multiculturalism popular amongst youth culture
• Anti-Nazi Group acted as a pressure group to combat the National Front

Question 20

How did attitudes towards immigration not improve?

Answer 20

• increased support for the national front
• political representation remained limited
• race relations continued to be an issue
• distrust in police force

Question 21

What is the National Front?

Answer 21

a anti-immigration political party who opposed non-white immigration

Question 22

What did the National Front do?

Answer 22

• held marches in high immigrant areas - often led to violence
• sub-culture of skinheads would often attack people of ethnic backgrounds

Question 23

What did growth in support for the National Front represent about social attitudes towards immigration?

Answer 23

indicates the growing concern in society about immigration

Question 24

What group of people fought against racist attitudes?

Answer 24

Young people

Question 25

What group was set up to act as a pressure group to oppose the National Front?

Answer 25

The Anti-Nazi group

Question 26

What group was there particular mistrust with for immigrants?

Answer 26

the police

Question 27

Why was there lots of mistrust towards the police for immigrants?

Answer 27

Young black people often felt that the police were harassing them unnecessarily

Question 28

What type of policies slowly began to make their way into the police force to combat racism?

Answer 28

multiculturalist

Question 29

What is multiculturalism?

Answer 29

policies that support ongoing cultural diversity

Question 30

What attitudes remained the same towards youth culture?

Answer 30

older generations were still very concerned

Question 31

What did youth subcultures typically represent?

Answer 31

the social, political, and economic battles going on elsewhere

Question 32

What type of youth subculture began to gain popularity in the 1970s?

Answer 32

punks

Question 33

What were the key philosophies of the punks?

Answer 33

- rejection of commercialism - nihilistic - DIY attitude - rejection of the hippie culture

Question 34

What was the social effect of the punk subculture?

Answer 34

a moral panic due to its alternative nature

Question 35

What is the other subculture developed in the 1970s?

Answer 35

skinheads

Question 36

What were some philosophies of the skinheads?

Answer 36

- typically apolitical (however supported the National Front) - football hooliganism

Question 37

What is environmentalism?

Answer 37

a political philosophy that discusses the effect of many topics on the planet

Question 38

What are some of the key topics covered by environmentalists?

Answer 38

- pollution - protection of wildlife - dangers of radiation - nuclear waste

Question 39

Why was environmentalism gaining traction in the 1970s?

Answer 39

1970 declared as the year of European conservation

Question 40

How did environmentalists feel about the CND?

Answer 40

created a new form of anti-nuclear protest campaigned against the use of nuclear power