socio

Question 1

systems and structures that organize our group life

Answer 1

social institutions

Question 2

this structures the life of an entire household

Answer 2

school

Question 3

social institutions are maintained through

Answer 3

everyday interaction

Question 4

politics come from the Greek term

Answer 4

politikos

Question 5

politikos means

Answer 5

citizen, civic, civil, and political

Question 6

pertains especially to the methods and tactics of managing a political entity such as a nation or state, as well as the administration and control of its internal and external affairs

Answer 6

politics

Question 7

it can also mean the attitudes and activities of groups and individuals.

Answer 7

politics

Question 8

the formal, organized agency that exercises power and control in modern society.

Answer 8

government

Question 9

vested with the power and authority to make laws and enforce them

Answer 9

government

Question 10

ability to get others to do one’s bidding.

Answer 10

power

Question 11

the legitimate, noncoercive exercise of power.

Answer 11

authority

Question 12

a political system that denies ordinary citizens representation by and control over their own government.

Answer 12

authoritarianism

Question 13

where is political power concentrated in authoritarianism

Answer 13

few elites who control military and economic resources

Question 14

dictators may gain power through

Answer 14

military coup

Question 15

most extreme and modern version of authoritarianism

Answer 15

totalitarianism

Question 16

The government seeks to control every aspect, public and private, of
citizens’ lives.

Answer 16

totalitarianism

Question 17

The government seeks to control every aspect, public and private, of
citizens’ lives.

Answer 17

totalitarianism

Question 18

totalitarian governments are headed by a

Answer 18

dictator

Question 19

are governments ruled by a king or queen

Answer 19

monarchy

Question 20

sovereignty is vested in a successive line of rulers, usually within a family

Answer 20

monarchy

Question 21

citizens share in directing the activities of their government rather than being ruled by an autocratic individual or authoritarian group.

Answer 21

democracy

Question 22

not only a political system but also a philosophy that emphasizes the right and capacity of individuals, acting either directly or through representatives, to control through majority rule the institutions that govern them.

Answer 22

democracy

Question 23

the central means by which a society transmits its knowledge, values, and expectations to its members

Answer 23

education

Question 24

function of education

Answer 24

transmission of knowledge

Question 25

students are identified as gifted or placed into remedial education, teach us about success and achievement and our chances for both.

Answer 25

tracking

Question 26

the lessons that students learn indirectly but that are an implicit part of their socialization in the school environment

Answer 26

hidden curriculum

Question 27

includes any institutionalized system of shared beliefs (propositions and ideas held on the basis of faith)

Answer 27

religion

Question 28

practices based on those beliefs) that identify a relationship between the sacred

Answer 28

rituals

Question 29

(ordinary, mundane, or everyday

Answer 29

profane

Question 30

(major subgroups of larger religions, such as Protestantism within Christianity or Shia within Islam)

Answer 30

denomination

Question 31

(smaller subgroups such as the Amish or Mennonites

Answer 31

sects

Question 32

(usually very small, intense, close-knit groups focused on individual leaders

Answer 32

cults

Question 33

shapes everyday behavior by providing morals, values, rules, and norms for its participants.

Answer 33

religion

Question 34

religions that worship one divine figure

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monotheistic religions

Question 35

the social institution that coordinates human activity to produce, distribute, and consume goods and services.

Answer 35

economic system

Question 36

include any product that is extracted from the earth, manufactured, or grown—corn, clothing, petroleum, automobiles, coal, and computers are just a few examples.

Answer 36

goods

Question 37

activities performed for others that result in no tangible prod- uct, such as theater productions, transportation, financial advice, medical care, spiritual counseling, and education

Answer 37

services

Question 38

an economic system based on the laws of free market competition, privatization of the means of production, and production for profit. In its purest form, values for goods and services are derived solely by the market relationship between supply and demand.

Answer 38

capitalism

Question 39

Capitalism tends to encourage

Answer 39

class stratification

Question 40

workers must sell their labor to capitalists for

Answer 40

wage

Question 41

A capitalist economy encourages efficiency through

Answer 41

technological innovation

Question 42

an economic system based on collective ownership of the means of production, collective distribution of goods and services, and government regulation of the economy

Answer 42

socialism

Question 43

the government rather than individuals owns or at least regulates the ownership of all businesses, farms, and factories, and profits are redistributed to the collective citizenry.

Answer 43

socialism

Question 44

a central and usually highly bureaucratic government regulates all aspects of the economy—ownership of resources and means of production,

Answer 44

socialism

Question 45

the most extreme form of socialism, the government owns everything and all citizens work for the government and are considered equal, with no class distinctions.

Answer 45

communism

Question 46

a term that applies to an economic system that is a hybrid of capitalism and socialism. In this economic model the government (through taxes) assumes a key role in providing social and economic benefits to some or all of its citizens, including unemployment benefits, supplemental income, child care, social security, basic medical care, transportation, education (including college), or housing.

Answer 46

welfare state

Question 47

a social group whose members are bound by some type of tie—legal, biological, emotional, or a combination of all three.

Answer 47

family

Question 48

large group of kin, or relatives, which could include grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins living in one household.

Answer 48

extended family

Question 49

—a heterosexual couple in their own household raising children.

Answer 49

nuclear family

Question 50

marrying someone of similar race or ethnicity, class, education, religion, region, or nationality.

Answer 50

endogamy

Question 51

refers to marrying someone from a different social group.

Answer 51

exogamy

Question 52

marrying only one individual at a time, is still considered the only legal form of marriage in modern culture.

Answer 52

monogamy

Question 53

having multiple spouses, may be practiced among some subcultures around the world, but is not widely acknowledged as a legitimate form of marriage.

Answer 53

polygamy

Question 54

commonly known form of polygamy where a man is married to multiple wives

Answer 54

polygyny

Question 55

where a woman has multiple husbands, has been documented in Tibet but is the rarer form of polygamy.

Answer 55

polyandry

Question 56

tend to choose mates who are similar to us in class, race, ethnicity, age, religion, education, and even levels of attractiveness.

Answer 56

homogamy

Question 57

geographical proximity: we tend to choose people who live nearby.

Answer 57

propinquity