Socio Flashcards
(31 cards)
Who wrote ‘The Prince’ and in what year?
Machiavelli, 1516
What was Montaigne’s key work?
Les Essais
What does ethnocentrism mean?
The belief in the inherent superiority of one’s own ethnic group or culture.
Who said ‘La sociologie est fille de la Révolution française’ and in what year?
Jean Duvignaud, 1966
What is the tension discussed by Tocqueville in his works?
The tension between equality and liberty.
Which two revolutions are key in shaping modern sociology?
The political revolution (French Revolution) and the industrial revolution.
Name two novels that represent the social issues of the 19th century.
Les Misérables by Victor Hugo and Germinal by Zola.
What are the three phases in Auguste Comte’s law of three stages?
Theological, Metaphysical, Positive.
In Durkheim’s work, what does ‘holism’ refer to?
The idea that society is more than just the sum of individuals.
Define ‘fait social’ according to Durkheim.
A social fact is a way of acting, thinking, and feeling that exists outside the individual and has a coercive power over them.
What does Max Weber’s individualism methodological refer to?
Understanding and explaining phenomena starting from the individual’s perspective.
What are the two key aspects of Weber’s sociological method?
Understanding the subjective meaning and explaining causality of social actions.
According to Durkheim, what role does sociology serve?
It should have a concrete purpose and not be purely theoretical.
What is the difference between individualism and egoism?
Individualism seeks freedom and emancipation, while egoism focuses on self-interest at the expense of others.
What type of solidarity is found in traditional societies?
Mechanical solidarity.
What type of solidarity is present in modern societies?
Organic solidarity.
What is ‘individualisme concret’?
A form of individualism that emphasizes uniqueness and autonomy, appearing after the 1960s.
What is the process of secularization?
The process by which sectors of society become autonomous from religious institutions.
What does ‘laïcité’ mean in France?
The principle of separating state and religion, where the state does not recognize any religion.
Who studied the socialization of gender in New Guinea?
Margaret Mead.
What are the two main types of socialization?
Primary and secondary socialization.
What is the concept of ‘habitus’ according to Bourdieu?
A set of internalized structures and schemes that guide individual practices.
What are the key consequences of differentiated gender socialization?
Division of labor, professional segregation, and male domination.
What is deviance, according to Durkheim?
A violation of social norms that society creates.
