Socio-Cultral Studies Notes

Question 1

What is the definition of sport?

Answer 1

Organised competitive and skilful physical activity requiring commitment and fair play.

Question 2

What is the definition of physical recreation?

Answer 2

Physical activity with a playful attitude in a recreational environment. Taking part in it for its own sake rather than for a extrinsic reward. The emphasis is on enjoyment and satisfaction not winning. Requires a low level of skill.

Question 3

What is the definition of physical education?

Answer 3

Learning about and through physical activity. The learning of physical personal, preparatory and qualitative values. Compulsory subject on the national curriculum.

Question 4

What is the definition of Outdoor Educations?

Answer 4

Learning in and about the outdoors. Part of a structured school physical education in which benefits are formally sought and taught. Differs from Pe as there is a element of risk and unpredictability (going on a expedition with a qualified instructor)

Question 5

What is the definition of Gamesmanship.

Answer 5

Stretching the rules to gain an unfair advantage.

Question 6

What is the definition of Sportsmanship?

Answer 6

Fair play having an ethical and respectful attitude towards opponents and for the rules.

Question 7

What is the definition of Deviance.

Answer 7

Seriously breaking the rules and norms of sport.

Question 8

What is the definition of Physical Prowess?

Answer 8

Exceptional physical or ability.

Question 9

What is the definition of Physical Endeavour.?

Answer 9

Putting in physical effort and hard work.

Question 10

What does Floristt stand for?

Answer 10

Festival
Local
Occasional
Religion/Ritual/Rowdy 
Isolated
Social
Traditional
Tourism

Question 11

What is the definition of Outdoor Recreation?

Answer 11

Physical activities which take part in the natural environment. They take you to the outer limits of your capabilities in a self reliant manner which can take you along the road to truth and beauty (such as going on a hike).

Question 12

What are the four categories of benefits associated with physical activity?

Answer 12

Social
Personal
Mental
Physical

Question 13

What is the recommended amount of physical activity for adults?

Answer 13

30 minutes of moderate intensity activity 5 times a week.

Question 14

What is the recommended amount of physical activity for children and young people?

Answer 14

1 hour of moderate intensity physical activity everyday.

Question 15

What factors face s hoops that restrict widespread participation in outdoor education?

Answer 15

Insufficient voluntary contribution
Health and safety
Too far
Lack of curriculum time.

Question 16

What factors may cause crowd violence in sport?

Answer 16

Overcrowding in stadiums 
Rivalry between teams and nations
Escape from personal troubles
Alcohol
Drugs
Discrimination
Misplaced passion
Peer pressure
Ticket prices
Peer pressure

Question 17

What factors may cause player violence in sport?

Answer 17

Excessive physicality
Discrimination
Frustration
Mind games between players
Reaction to gamesmanship
Drug use
Personal rivalry  
Media pressure
Pitch conditions

Question 18

What are some possible solutions to resolve crowd violence.

Answer 18

Stadium bans
Police escorts
Reduce overcrowding
Good security system
Banning of alcohol
Searches
Role models
Education

Question 19

What are some possible solutions to ease player violence?

Answer 19

Media support
Sanctions 
Technology 
Drug testing
Counselling
Rewards
Inter club bonding
Less media hysteria

Question 20

What does FLORISTT stand for?

Answer 20

Festival- Fun, People are coming together to celebrate.
Local- Increases a sense of local pride by bringing every one together.
Occasional- Annually.
Religion,Ritual,Rowdy- Linked to ancient Christian and pagan rituals, loud, physical.
Isolated- Keeps its sense of identity and uniqueness.
Social-Chance for people to come together and socialise.
Traditional- Passed from generation to generation.
Tourism- People are attracted to area, Commercialism

Question 21

What were public schools and what did they aim to do?

Answer 21

Elite schools, funded by trustees which aimed to prepare young, middle and upper class boys for leadership in society.

Question 22

What are the key characteristics of a public school?

Answer 22

Endowed- Regular income.
Gentlemen- Elitist system with scholarships for some.
Fee paying- People paid for it.
Non Local- Attracted people from a wide radius.
Controlled by trustees- Not owned privately.
Spartan- Living standards were poor and kids were treated violently.
Boarding- Lived in school houses.
Boys- Only boys were accepted.

Question 23

What are the 3 stages of Athleticism?

Answer 23

Barbarian (Before)
Arnoldian (During change)
Athleticism (After)

Question 24

Describe the Barbarian stage of athleticism?

Answer 24

Violent, rural, local
Wealthy boys only
Harsh conditions
No staff supervision
Time for self organised activities
Natural surroundings not purpose built

Question 25

Describe the Arnoldian stage of Athleticism?

Answer 25

``` Christian Values, Relationship Values Sports and games valued. Muscular Christianity Codification (rules) Purpose built facilities Inter house matches Paid coaches ```

Question 26

Describe the Athleticism stage of Athleticism?

Answer 26

``` Physical Endeavour, Moral Integrity Compulsory sport at school Spread of games ethic NGB formed Boys became leaders in schools Combines physical effort, endeavour, moral integrity and sportsmanship. ```

Question 27

What does topvicc stand for?

Answer 27

``` Teachers Officers Parents Vicars Industries Community clubs Community politicians ```

Question 28

What are the reasons sport has taken a more professional approach?

Answer 28

Mass Participation Sporting Excellence 19th century public schools Government support and funding

Question 29

Describe mass participation?

Answer 29

The government recognises the negative economic impact and social consequences of low levels of participation in physical activity.

Question 30

Describe sporting excellence?

Answer 30

In order to achieve sporting excellence everyone is needed for a team to get the best edge. This includes chefs, doctors, psychologists, nutritionist.

Question 31

Describe 19th century public schools actions on sports becoming more professional.

Answer 31

``` Behaviour in schools reflected society. Headteacher used team games to channel this energy. Professionals were generally working class as they needed the money to survive and they were looked down upon because of this. ```

Question 32

Describe government support and funding actions on sports becoming more professional.

Answer 32

Visionary policy- The funding to make it work has the potential to change the sporting culture of the U.K. There is a system in place for the government to support sport. A minister for sport an annual grant to different sporting organisation.

Question 33

What are the characteristics of the USA?

Answer 33

Relatively young and powerful nation- farms and factories were producing more than any other country. Capitalist nation, Individualism- Land of opportunity, 'rags to riches'. Relatively large population- 300m Indigenous population- Native Americans

Question 34

What is the nature of sport in the USA?

Answer 34

Win at all cost ethic- Reflection of country's culture, Lombardiasim 'winning is the only thing'. Commercialism- Using business and economic skills to make money. Sport attracts big sponsorship money. Vehicle for achieving 'American Dream'- National ethos. Life, liberty, pursuit of happiness.

Question 35

What are the characteristics of Australia?

Answer 35

Young Nation- Recently discovered Sparsely populated- 29m population, city's are all spread out and all on the coast. Colonial influence- Discovered by captain James cook. Kept and discovered British games. Immigration- 1778 influx of British prisoners. 1901-1973 white Australian policy.

Question 36

What is the nature of sport in Australia?

Answer 36

``` National preoccupation Manliness "Bush Culture" High status in schools Effect of favourable climate Natural environment/space Egalitarianism/Equality Tradition of success Government support ```