socio-cultural influences Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are anabolic agents and which sports performers will benefit from them?
Increase protein synthesis which develops lean muscle mass and speeds up recovery time.
Performers that require POWER: sprinter, rugby player, boxer
What are the disadvantages of anabolic agents?
Liver damage, testicular atrophy, infertility
What is blood doping and which sports performers will benefit from them?
- Removal of blood a few weeks prior to a competition
- Blood is frozen
- Blood is re-injected just before competition
- Amount of red blood cells (therefore oxygen delivery) is increased
AEROBIC performers: marathon runner, football (games) player…
What are the disadvantages of blood doping?
Infection, viscosity, embolism
What are narcotic analgesics and which sports performers will benefit from them?
Increase pain threshold which masks injury and provides a sense of ‘invincibility’
Susceptible to injury: football player, rugby player, boxer
What are the disadvantages of narcotic analgesics?
Anxiety, depression, nausea, addiction
What are stimulants and which sports performers will benefit from them?
Increase alertness, increase heart rate, decrease tiredness
Performers that require quick REACTION TIME: sprinter, goalkeeper, rugby
What are the disadvantages of stimulants?
Insomnia, depression, anxiety, irregular HR
What are beta blockers and which sports performers will benefit from them?
Improves fine motor control via slowing heart rate
Performers that require PRECISION: archery, darts, snooker
What are the disadvantages of beta blockers?
Weakness, lower blood pressure, slow HR
What are diuretics and which sports performers will benefit from them?
Quick weight loss (via fluids) and masks other drugs, making it harder to detect
Performers: boxers, jockeys
What are the disadvantages of diuretics?
Dehydration, headaches, nausea, kidney failure
What are the two types of peptide hormones?
EPO - erythropoietin
HGH - human growth hormone
What are EPOs and which sports performers will benefit from them?
Increase red blood cell production and therefore oxygen delivery
AEROBIC performers: marathon runners, rowers…
What are the disadvantages of EPOs?
Blood viscosity, blood clot, strokes, heart attack
What are HGHs and which sports performers will benefit from them?
Helps muscle mass and burns fat
Performers who require STRENGTH: weightlifting, rugby, sprinting
What are the disadvantages of HGHs?
Arthritis, abnormal hands/feet, heart failure
What is sponsorship?
Where a company pays money to a team/individual in return for advertisement
Give 3 types of sponsorship
Financial
Clothing/ equipment
Facilities
Define commercialism (in sport)
Transformation of sport into money
Give the positives and negatives of commercialisation on the performer
POS: High income, become a role model, receive free equipment/clothing/facility
NEG: Loss of freedom, loss of independence, certain sponsors are unhealthy (leads to bad reputation)
Give the positives and negatives of commercialisation on the sport
POS: Increased income, new competition (this attracts more media coverage and therefore increased opportunities), improved quality of sport
NEG: Sponsorship relies on the media which focuses on ‘best sports’ - neglects other sports, camera angles positioned to focus on logos and brands not the sport
Give the positives and negatives of commercialisation on the spectator
POS: Higher level of sport and better facilities is more entertaining to watch, better technology allows people to watch from home including replays and on-demand
NEG: Timings of events do not suit all spectators, sport can be expensive to watch (online and tickets)
Give the positives and negatives of commercialisation on the official
POS: Refereeing is now a full time job, some officials become famous
NEG: Bad decision can lead to criticism from social media, lots of discrimination/hate
