Socio-cultural Studies Flashcards
(33 cards)
Background of the Modern Olympics
de Coubertin
Visions to educate young people through sport and increase international understanding at a time of war
Inspirations
-Ancient Olympic Games - Athens, 2000 yrs ago
-Cotswold Games - Robert Dover, 1600’s
-Much Wenlock - Dr Penny Brook, 1890’s, de Coubertin invited
-English Public School - Rugby School, de Coubertin admired character building elements
Lead to the 1st Modern Olympic Games - Athens, 1896
Philosophy of Games - Olympism
Promotes:
- Fair play
- No discrimination
- Balance between body and mind
Organisational Bodies - IOC
International Olympic Committee - Responsibilities:
- Organise summer and winter games
- Control commercialism
- Ensure no discrimination (via ‘Sport for All’)
- Governs all other National Olympic Committees
BOA - British Olympic Association
Organise:
- GB training camps
- Bid for major events (London 2012)
- Select team GB
Commercialism of Olympic Games - Pre + Post LA 1984
Pre 1984
-Amateurism - Olympics meant for amateurs that take part for enjoyment + no payment
-Unequal Funding - USA - University scholarships to fund athletes
-Shamateurism - ‘Fake Amateur’
-CCC - Canada (Montreal) Catalyst for Commercialism = 1976 - financial disaster
Post 1984
-Ueberroth - (Peter) responsible for LA Olympics commercialism
-TOP Programme - example of a scheme
-TV BOOM - More accessible - started bidding wars
-Golden Triangle
SAVED THE OLYMPICS
Olympics as a Vehicle for Nation Building - NCAPS
Nation Building - increases statue of country
Cover Up - Cover up human rights problems (China Beijing 2008, London 2012 riots)
Appeases Nation - Nation pride (London 2012 super Saturday)
Political Tool - Vote catcher
Shop Window Effect - Show rest of the world best bits of the country in eg opening ceromony
Hosting Olympics on SOCIETY - TTENP
T=Tourism AD - increases economy DIS - increase terrorism threat
T=Transport AD - new (Javelin line) DIS - increases congestion
E =Employment AD - jobs (in construction) DIS - only short term
N=Nation Pride AD - increase national pride (super Saturday) DIS - leas to extreme nationalism + discrimination
P=Participation AD - increase as role models inspire for BAHL (Jessica Ennis-Hill) DIS - arm chair athletes
Hosting Olympics on SPORT - PROFILE
P =Profile AD - increase of Olympic sports (rowing) DIS - but non of Olympic sports (netball)
R=Rugby world cup 2015 England
O=Organisation AD - increase of NGB’s +sport science DIS - drugs uses more likely
F=Facilities AD - world class (velodrome) DIS - wasted (Olympic stadium)
I=International events attracted AD (R)
L=Lottery funding AD - elite athletes DIS - cut
E=Excellence AD - success from home crowd
Surviving Ethnic Sports - FLORISTT
Eg..Ashbourne Football + Gloucester Cheese Rolling
F
L=Local - Unique to community + increase local pride
O=Occasional - Often annual to maintain interest
R=Religious - Based around religious events
I=Isolation - Maintain ethnic identity
S=Social - Bring community together
T=Tourism - Brings money into local area
T=Traditional - Keen to recreate past
English Public School - Promoting + Organizing Sport
Dr Thomas - Values:
- Character building
- Fair play
- Leadership - Teamwork
Boarding - Gave boys more free time to play
Space - To build facilities/ pitches
Funding - To finance best equipment + coaches
Games Masters - Ex boys act as role models
Inter House - Competition
Inter School - Competition as transport
Rules - University, formation of NGB’s (FA 1983)
Profession - Jobs take boys all over world so get introduced to new colonies (cricket, rugby)
Traditional Amateur Approach to Sport in Britain
What
Why
Where
How
Gentlemen amateur ethos - where payment was frowned upon
As intrinsic valves - enjoyment
Came from public schools’ ethos of character building + fair play
It was poorly organised - no NGB’s
Tradition moved to Professional Approach to Sport
What
Why
Where
How
Sport now run as a business - payment is common (lottery funding)
As now focused on sporting excellence + win ethic
Apart of Golden Triangle
Increased organisation - NGB’s with focus on mass participation
Sport in USA -
Characteristics/ History of America
Young Powerful Capitalist Large Indigeous
Sport in USA -
Nature of Sport in USA - SHAPETURE
Triangle - Golden Triangle
Square (with 4 sides) - Big 4 Dominate Sports
Circle (degrees) - University + high schools, sport is high statues
Cloud - American Dream - Sport is a vehicle for rags to riches
Window - Win Ethic - Winning at all cost - Lombardi Pioneered
, - Commercialism = business - teams=franchiees
Cap - Capitalist - individual gains + profit
Origins of American Football
What
Where
How
When
- Off shoot of Rugby
- 1st called ‘Grid Iron’ - grid markings
- Developed in Ivy League Colleges
- Few rules
- Highly physical
- Brutal = death
- 1st game = Princeton vs Rutgers - 1869
Nature of American Football - Violence
Frontier Spirit - Reflects physicality as early settlers used physical force to move eat to west = Quatar back sag
Rules - Contact allowed therefore encourage violence
Win ethic - Win at all cost = violence eg life or death
Protective clothing/ equipment - Dehumanizes players = more violence eg helmet + shoulder padsn
Tradition - Keen to recreate past of old game with few rules = violence
Nature of American Football - Commercialism
Commercialism = business -franchise - why? - profit - capitalism - golden triangle - sponsorship + media + showcase - superbowl
Franchises - Teams (big business) = money eg GreenBay Packers
Capitalism - Profit + individual gain
Golden triangle - Sponsorship + Media - TV = pay big money to televise game Ads = companies pay big money during intervals
Showcase = Superbowl - know more for commercials/advertisment as for game itself - Nike
Australia - Characteristics
90% of people take part in sport
Young
Indigenous aboriginals
Large - sparsely populated
Multi-cultural
Australia - Nature of Sport
Favorable climate - All year round (cricket)
Accessible natural environment - Beach, sea (surfing)
Tradition - Pommie Bashing
Political support + funding - Vote catcher
Fashionable - Cool
High statues in High Schools
Success of National Teams -Netball, rugby - Role models eg Shane Warne - increases participation
Bush culture - Survival of fittest
Golden triangle - Media + sponsorship
Equality - Sport used as vehicle to promote muiltcultural
Australian Rule Football - Origins of ARF
Who When/where Why Where What What
Tom Willis - Student of Dr Thomas - English
1850’s in state of Victoria
Winter training programme for cricketers
Played on cricket ovals
Combination of
1) rugby + aboriginal leaping game
2) rugby + gaelic football - created after ARF so tenous link
Australian Rules Football - Factors developing
All Aussie Aboriginal Exit Bush Cos Match Programme Comes on
Game for All - Size (small=wing, big=ruck men), gender + age (super rules - 35+)
Australia’s National Game - So increase participation as peoples sport
High aboriginal participation - Rags to riches + Role models = Adam Goode + 21%
Exhibition Matches - Increased awareness + interest - NZ + Oz
Bush Culture - Survival of fittest - stamina + strength
Conversion - Switch from other codes - money
Media - TV deals - FOX sport channel
Clear Progression Pathway - Schools to team (Melbourne to Melbourne Devils)
Commercialism - Golden triangle (Toyota sponsor)
Organisation Bodies - Sport England
sPART EnG LAND
sPART - Increased participation - ‘Get active’
EnG - Target prioity groups - Elderly + Women - ‘This Girl Can’
LAND - Protect community playing fields
Distributes lottery fund to community sports
Organisation Bodies - UK Sport
E L I T E
E - Develop elite sport in UK
L - Distributes lottery funding - World class performance plan
I - Bid for international events - London 2012
T - Manage Talented Athlete Scholarship Scheme - kids in full time education
E - Promote ethical behaviour - ‘100% me’ no drugs
Organisation Bodies - English Institute of Sport
P - L A N S
P - Performance L - Provide performance lifestyle advice A - Provide performance analysis N - Provide performance nutrience advice S - Provide sports science support
