Sociocultural and Political Evolution

Question 1

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETIES FROM THE HUNTING AND GATHERING TO THE AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND POST-INDUSTRIAL STAGES

Answer 1

SOCIOCULTURAL EVOLUTION

Question 2

Happens when societies

develop new forms of economic subsistence, acquired knowledge and apply new technology.

Answer 2

SOCIOCULTURAL

EVOLUTION

Question 3

“the more technology a society has, the faster it changes”

Answer 3

Gerhard Lenski

Question 4

American sociologist who argued that society undergoes transformation and evolution and in the process develops technological advancement.

Answer 4

Gerhard Lenski

Question 5

the oldest and most basic way of economic subsistence

Answer 5

Hunting and Gathering Societies

Question 6

making use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for food

Answer 6

Hunting and Gathering Societies

Question 7

depend on the family to do many things

Answer 7

Hunting and Gathering Societies

Question 8

most hunters and gatherers see sexes as having the same social importance (Leacock, 1978)

Answer 8

Hunting and Gathering Societies

Question 9

people come close to being socially equal

Answer 9

Hunting and Gathering Societies

Question 10

large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources

Answer 10

Horticultural and Pastoral Societies

Question 11

money was a common standard of exchange; the old barter system was abandoned

Answer 11

Horticultural and Pastoral Societies

Question 12

extreme social inequality; more than our modern societies

Answer 12

Horticultural and Pastoral Societies

Question 13

raises men to a position of social dominance

Answer 13

Agriculture (in Horticultural and Pastoral Societies )

Question 14

reinforces the power of elites

Answer 14

religion (in Horticultural and Pastoral Societies )

Question 14

reinforces the power of elites

Answer 14

religion (in Horticultural and Pastoral Societies )

Question 15

humans began to farm and domesticate animals

Answer 15

Agricultural Societies and the Neolithic Revolution

Question 16

provided important contributions to the Neolithic people

Answer 16

Animal Domestication (in Agricultural Societies and the Neolithic Revolution)

Question 17

The development of agriculture also led to an increase in social inequality

Answer 17

Agricultural Societies and the Neolithic Revolution

Question 18

production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery

Answer 18

Industrial Societies

Question 19

operated mills and factories filled with large machines

Answer 19

Water power and steam boilers (in industrial Societies)

Question 19

sparked the birth of sociology because of rapid changes

Answer 19

Industrial Societies

Question 20

weakening of close working relationships, strong family ties, and traditional customs, values and beliefs

Answer 20

Industrial Societies

Question 21

production of information using computer technology

Answer 21

Post-industrial Societies

Question 22

production of information using computer technology with less and less of labor force

Answer 22

Post-industrial Societies

Question 23

at the heart of globalization

Answer 23

Post-industrial Society

Question 24

technology has improved life and brought the world's people closer (except for complete peace, justice, and protected environment)

Answer 24

Post-industrial Societies

Question 25

Characteristics of Post-industrial Societies

Answer 25

transfer of labor workforce from manufacturing to service significant increase in the number of professional and technical employment ;decline in the number of skilled/semi workers education as the basis of social mobility human capital application of "intellectual technology" focus is on communication infrastructure knowledge as source of invention and innovation

Question 26

Four major civilizations in Political Evolution

Answer 26

Sumerian Indus Valley Shang Egyptian

Question 27

Developments in the major civilizations

Answer 27

developed highly advanced cities well-defined city centers complex and systematic institutions organized and centralized system of government formalized and complex form of religion job specialization development of social classes advance technology system of writing and recording

Question 28

Role of a political leader

Answer 28

``` crafts laws implement laws impose justice and punishment collect taxes acts as religious leaders as well ```

Question 28

Sumerian hierarchy

Answer 28

servants - craftsmen - officials/scribes/minor priests - high priests and nobles - Sumerian Priests

Question 29

Egyptian hierarchy

Answer 29

slaves - peasants - craftsmen - merchants - scribes - soldiers - government officials - Pharaoh

Question 29

Indus Valley hierarchy

Answer 29

untouchable outcasts/street sweepers/cleaners - Sudra/commoners/servants/peasants - Vaishya/merchants/landowners - Kshatriya/warriors/kings - Brahmin/priests

Question 30

Shang hierarchy

Answer 30

slaves - soldiers/artisans/merchants - peasants - state officials/nobles and scholars - king/governor - emperor

Question 31

Where did the Sumerian Civilization develop?

Answer 31

Along West Asia in Tigris, Mesopotamia

Question 32

Where did the Indus valley civilization came from?

Answer 32

India

Question 33

Where did the Egyptian civilization started?

Answer 33

Nile River

Question 34

Where did Shang civilization started?

Answer 34

China; (Huang He) Yellow River

Question 35

roots of corruption; funds of the city

Answer 35

Taxes

Question 36

Highest ranked in the Sumerian civilization

Answer 36

Sumerian Priest

Question 37

Highest ranked in the Egyptian civilization

Answer 37

Pharaoh

Question 38

Highest ranked in the Indus Valley Civilization

Answer 38

Brahmin

Question 39

Highest ranked in the Shang Civilization

Answer 39

King Priest

Question 40

people left their farmlands

Answer 40

Industrial Societies

Question 41

Period of permanent settlement where people developed the ability to be self-sustaining

Answer 41

Neolithic Revolution