Sociology 100 Chapter 1

Question 1

strange in the familiar

Answer 1

looking for a way that society shapes our choices

Question 2

general in the particular

Answer 2

the broader social patterns that are reflected in the actions of individuals

Question 3

C.Wright mills

Answer 3

proposed society as a whole needed its citizens to look for the links between the macro and micro levels

Question 4

Khaldun

Answer 4

power in different societies. as societies grew, labor was no longer used for survival but luxury

Question 5

french revolution

Answer 5

enlightenment. rapid change. ordinary citizens could create large scale changes in society.

Question 6

comte

Answer 6

science can be used to understand social change. coined the word sociology.

Question 7

20th century

Answer 7

attention of scholars within different disciplines was focused on only a certain part of society.

Question 8

21st century

Answer 8

post disciplinarity: boundaries between disciplines.

interdisciplinarity: working together to understand a social phenomenon.

Question 9

sociological imagination

Answer 9

empirical research methods, sociological theorizing, and critical thinking.

Question 10

3 different approaches to build a theory

Answer 10

positivist: explanation and prediction
interpretive: understanding self and others
critical: power and emancipation

Question 11

sociological theoretical perspectives

Answer 11

functionalist (positivist)
conflict (critical)
interactionist (interpretive)
feminist (critical)
postmodern (critical)

Question 12

Functionalism

Answer 12

positive approach. macro level in which society is perceived as several structures each of which fulfills functions. consensus and cooperation are fundamental to the maintenance of social order. Durkheim created anomie which is normalness.

Question 13

Conflict

Answer 13

macro level that focuses on large institutions. emphasizes power and emancipation. society is characterized by conflict and competition over scarce resources. Marx emphasized powerful vs. powerlessness.

Question 14

Interactionist

Answer 14

interpretive approach that analyzes how we develop understanding. communication. Mead and Blumer. importance of significant others. importance of a generalized other: an overall sense of peoples expectations.

Question 15

Feminist

Answer 15

Martineau was a speaker for social reform. academic work and social and political practice. darker side of society.

Question 16

Postmodern

Answer 16

way society has changed means we cannot rely on grand theories of society. Foucault emphasized the relationship between knowledge and power.

Question 17

4 sociologies

Answer 17

academic
policy
public
private

Question 18

cultural universes

Answer 18

common practices shared by all societies

Question 19

postmodern perspective canada

Answer 19

no single culture but a multiplicity of diverse cultures.

Question 20

material culture

Answer 20

tangible and physical items that people have created for use and given meaning like pens and paper

Question 21

non material culture

Answer 21

intangibles produced by intellectual or spiritual development such as ideas

Question 22

3 things culture shapes our understandings through

Answer 22

language
norms
values

Question 23

Language

Answer 23

it allows for personal expression, transmission of knowledge, and personal, social, and cultural identity. Sapir Whorff hypothesis suggest language shapes reality.

Question 24

Norms

Answer 24

norms suggest language communicates norms.

folkways: informal based on accepted tradition
mores: formal institutionalized laws to maintain control
taboos: considered wrong in and of themselves

Question 25

Values

Answer 25

collectively shared ideas about how to determine whether something is right or wrong like equality.

Question 26

Canadian Values

Answer 26

``` equality and fairness consultation and dialogue accommodation and tolerance support for diversity compassion and generosity attachment to Canadas natural beauty Canada world image ```

Question 27

Parsons

Answer 27

claims norms and values work together to keep society running smoothly.

Question 28

Conflict Perspective Canada

Answer 28

norms may contradict underlying values

Question 29

Ideal culture

Answer 29

values a majority of people

Question 30

Real culture

Answer 30

practices by the majority of people

Question 31

Ethnocentrism

Answer 31

tendency to believe that ones cultural beliefs and practices are superior and should be used as the standard

Question 32

Fiske

Answer 32

claimed a distinction between mass and pop culture

Question 33

Peterson

Answer 33

high culture and pop culture are utilized by members of all classes

Question 34

Explatory Research

Answer 34

explores an area of interest that very little is known about

Question 35

Descriptive

Answer 35

notes features and characteristics of a social phenomenon

Question 36

Explanatory

Answer 36

better understand effects

Question 37

Evaluation

Answer 37

analyzes

Question 38

Empowerment

Answer 38

improve

Question 39

Sociological Research Process

Answer 39

``` Research question Literature Review Narrowed Focus Research Design Data Collection Data Analysis Draw Conclusions Report Findings ```

Question 40

Tri-Council Pplicy Statement

Answer 40

Respect for Persons Concern for Welfare Prioritization of Justice

Question 41

2 approaches to research

Answer 41

qualitative: using words quantitative: use hypotheses to explain

Question 42

Sociological Research Methods

Answer 42

``` Experiments Surveys Interviews Secondary Data Analysis Ethnography Observation Multiple or Mixed Methods ```