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sociology > sociology 100 exam 1 > Flashcards

sociology 100 exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Textbook definition of sociology

A

Sociology is the study of human groups: their origin, development, structure, function, and significance for social life

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2
Q

Historical view of sociology

A

The physics of sociology - trying to apply natural science to the study of society (cause and effect)

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3
Q

What does sociology study in the social sciences?

A

Study of the group

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4
Q

Peter Berger definition of sociology

A

Sociology is a passionate curiosity - disciplined by scientific methodology - about the interactions of people

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5
Q

C Wright Mills sociology definition

A

the intersection of biology and history, shows how social structures which people have no power over influence their lives

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6
Q

Terry’s sociology definition

A

a disciplined conversation about the power of groups over their members over each other in society

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7
Q

Durkheim view on sociology

A

the study of the group (sociology) is more powerful in understanding human behavior than either biology or psychology.

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8
Q

Why take sociology?

A
  • To better understand how they have been shaped by their group memberships.
  • To better understand how groups affect each other and shape our society.
  • Doctors, dentists, lawyers, social workers, psychologists, marketers & PR people, etc.: To better understand individuals they will be working with professionally, based on the group memberships of those individuals.
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9
Q

Max Weber and ideal types

A

groups whose members share characteristics and can be studied as a single unit, protestants, dangers of stereotyping

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10
Q

Monopoly metaphor

A

The game of Monopoly is something you can describe without describing the players; in a similar sense, you can describe a social system without describing the individual players. Like Monopoly, social systems can make you greedier and take the path of least resistance.

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11
Q

Ideology

A

A set of beliefs, attitudes, and opinions that may or may not be based on scientific opinions. They are created by social groups.

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12
Q

Critical thinking

A

the attempt to go outside of our ideologies and try to logically think about an issue with reflective judgement

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13
Q

Dominant discourse

A

the way most people or people in power think and speak about a particular issue

ex. Columbus and the Indigenous group

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14
Q

Individualism

A

explains the world in terms of the individual perspective, sees social problems as the fault of the individual

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15
Q

Social system

A

the larger things we participate in (monopoly)

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16
Q

Sociology’s core view of reality

A

We are always participating in something larger than ourselves, and if we want to

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17
Q

Johnson’s view of society

A

Systems exert strong influence over our behavior and we influence the larger systems. We all participate in multiple social systems, which are a collection of roles in relationship to one another, but as individuals, we are NOT the system. We receive and/or denied privilege by the system even if we don’t choose it.

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18
Q

Social systems to individuals

A

lives are shaped by paths of least resistance and socialization

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19
Q

Individuals to systems

A

without individuals, systems would not exist

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20
Q

Agency and structure

A

concepts that suggest to what extent an individual’s life is determined by social forces, says individuals still have personal responsibility

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21
Q

culture

A

the way we construct reality within a social systems, using ideas and symbols to assign meaning, and how we behave in relationship to these meanings we have constructed

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22
Q

beliefs

A

a way to know what to consider true and false… does it exist?
TRUTH, FICTION are social construct.

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23
Q

values

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A

beliefs that designate what is good and bad, and guide choices

all values are beliefs, but not all beliefs are values

24
Q

norms

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A

values reinforced with social consequences, used to create paths of least resistance (can be used to make something function, be criteria for membership, or basis for privilege)

25
Two perspectives on norms
FUNCTIONALISM - they help society work/succeed CONFLICT - they create and preserve inequalities
26
attitudes
emotional reactions based on the BVN
27
material culture
PHYSICAL expression of BVNA to express our culture
28
high culture
BVNA that associate with wealth or high society; creative/artistic products of a group or society that reflect its BVNAs - more likely to be consumed by individuals with upper socioeconomic-status.
29
Ethnocentrism
my culture is the best
30
cultural relativity
culture is best understood through the people; my culture is good, but others can be good too. "it depends..."
31
status
the position someone holds in society (ex. social job title) behavior may be more a function of position than personality position both empowers and constrains one's position in a social system has a relationship with all the other social positions in a system
32
role
collection of BVNA that apply to person in role, creates paths of least resistance for person in role that can shape/influence how we behave (social job description)
33
role conflict
multiple positions in overlapping social systems
34
Merton's Theory of Deviance
"Deviant" behavior results from the conflict between "shared values" and "unequal distributions"
35
What does deviant behavior result from?
the conflict between shared values and unequal distribution
36
nuclear family
chapter 3, a nuclear family was easier to move to the city, so the family structure was influenced by capitalism
37
how does culture shape structure?
shapes roles associated with various statuses/positions in a social structure but can also shape unequal distributions
38
how doe structure shape culture?
unequal distributions can shape culture, BVNA and material culture Johnson's ex. Racism
39
William James
SOCIAL SELF (material self and spiritual self), psychologist, individual's self is the sum total of all they can call theirs
40
George Herbert Mead
REFLEXIVITY is ability to see ourselves as others do, LANGUAGE has large role in that
41
Mead's principle of generalized other
We infer how an anonymous group, the general public, sees us
42
Charles Cooney
at first we look at PRIMARY GROUPS to look at ourselves, family, friends, neighbors
43
Robert Park
we are socialized by the status and roles we occupy, so we try to make those SOCIAL ROLES part of ourselves
44
Social inequality
patterns of behavior that contribute to privileging some groups over other represent social paths of least resistance
45
Mead's theory of actions based on social meaning
social gestures; we act in response to others' ACTION BASED ON SOCIAL MEANING of their actions and ours
46
Goffman's metaphor of actor and audience
DRAMATURGY; we are an actor acting on stage being influenced by audience, but we are also the audience watching others act
47
Allan Johnson and JAZZ
individual players can improvise, but they play within existing musical forms, and music happens among and within a player
48
what do systems require to function?
people to support it and participate in it
49
i love you
i: shows love s: performative language, changes something
50
not voting
i: lazy, doesn't care about democracy s: barriers to voting, two-party system
51
poverty
i: wealth and poverty is due to being lazy or not working s: poverty is necessary in capitalism
52
men's violence
i: bad guy, not all men s: men can set agenda with violence, we excuse it by saying they are supposed to be in control
53
Durkheim on suicide
Durkheim said suicide is, at its root, an instance of social deviance.
54
Johnson's explanation of how American racism was socially constructed
English vs Irish, said they were superior to the Irish and the Irish were subhuman, and used to justify creation of a slave class
55
Social change
greensboro, we can change systems by stepping oof of the established paths for us, protests tried to change a racist system instead of challenging racists individually.
56
Social structures
the organization of relationships at all levels of society... the "distributions" that occur in social relationships (i.e. wealth, power)
57
Distribution
who gets what in terms of rewards, resources, power, etc.

sociology (1 decks)

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