Sociology Flashcards
(333 cards)
0
Q
Sociological perspective
A
Seeing the general in the particular
1
Q
Sociology
A
Systematic study of human society
2
Q
Lillian Rubin
A
Higher income women expected their spouse to be sensitive,talk readily, share feelings
Lower income women looked for men who didn’t drink too much, weren’t violent, held steady jobs
3
Q
Why do women in poor countries have more children?
A
Less schooling
Life centered in home
No contraception
4
Q
Emile Durkheim
A
Men, Protestants, wealthy people, unmarried had higher suicide rates.
Than women, Catholics, Jews, poor, married people
5
Q
Social integration
A
Categories of people with strong social ties had low suicide rates than individualistic people had higher rates
6
Q
Why are the rich more likely to commit suicide than the poor?
A
They have more freedom
7
Q
What are the 2 situations that help people see clearly how society shapes individuals lives?
A
Living on the margins
Living through social crisis
8
Q
Outsider
A
Not part of a dominant group
9
Q
Describe people at the margins.
A
are aware of social patterns that others safely think about.
10
Q
Sociological imagination
A
Helps people understand their society and how it affects their own lives
11
Q
Global perspective
A
The study of the larger world and our society’s place in it
12
Q
What is the importance of global perspective?
2
A
Shows that our place in society shapes our life experiences
The position of our society affects everyone in the Us
13
Q
High income countries
A
Nations with the highest overall standards of living
14
Q
Middle income countries
A
Nations with a standard of living average for the world as a whole
15
Q
Name some high income countries
A
U.S.
Canada
Argentina
16
Q
Name some middle income countries
A
Europe
South Africa
17
Q
Low income countries
A
Nations with low standard of living where most people are poor
18
Q
Name some Low income countries.
A
Africa
Asia
19
Q
Name 3 reasons why applying the sociological perspective is useful
A
Guide laws and politics that shape our lives
Personal growth and expanded awareness
Preparation for the world of work
20
Q
Public policy
A
Laws and regulations that guide how people in communities live and work
21
Q
The sociological perspective helps us access the truth about …
A
Common sense
22
Q
The sociological perspective help us see …
A
Opportunities and constraints in our lives
23
Q
The sociological perspective empowers us to be …
A
Active participants in our society
24
The sociological perspective helps us live...
In a diverse world
25
North Americans represent what percentage of the worlds population?
5%
26
What are the 3 origins or kinds of change important in the development sociology?
Rise of factory based economy
Explosive growth of cities
New ideas about democracy and political rights
27
Enclosure movement
Landowners fenced off farmland to create grazing areas for sheep.
People had to move to cities for work.
28
Where was the new discipline of sociology born?
Germany
England
France
29
What are Comtes 3 stages of society?
Theological
Metaphysical
Scientific
30
Theological
Comets stage of society. Church in the Middle Ages
31
Metaphysical
Comtes stage of society. Enlightenment.
32
Scientific
Comtes stage of society. Physics, chemistry.
33
Positivism
Comtes approach (scientific) to knowledge based on positive facts as opposed to mere speculation
34
Theory
Statement of how and why specific facts are related
35
What is the job of a theory?
Explain social behavior in the real world
36
What 2 basic questions must be asked for theories?
What issues should we study?
How should we connect the facts?
37
Theoretical approach
Basic image of society that guides thinking and research
38
Name the 3 theoretical approaches
Structural function approach
Social conflict approach
Symbolic interaction approach
39
Structural function approach
Building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability
40
Social structure
Any relatively stable pattern of social behavior
41
Social functions
Consequences of a social pattern for the operation of society as a whole
42
Robert Merton
Social structure has many functions.
43
What are the functions Robert Merton names?
Manifest functions
Latent functions
Social dysfunction
44
Manifest function
Recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern
45
Latent functions
Unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern
46
Example of latent function
College functions as a marriage broker
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Social dysfunction
Any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society
48
Social conflict approach
Building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change
49
What things does the social conflict approach highlight?
How class, race, ethnicity are linked to inequality
50
With the social conflict approach what ongoing conflict are looked at?
Conflicts between dominant and disadvantaged people
51
2 viewpoints from theoretical approach theories in regards to schooling
Secondary schools assign students to college prep or vocational
Structural Function: benefits everyone
Social Conflict: has to do with talent than sociological background
52
What are the 2 other theories within the social conflict theory?
Gender conflict theory
Race conflict theory
53
Gender conflict theory or feminist theory
Study of society that focuses on inequality between men and women
54
Feminism
Support of social equality for men and women
55
Race conflict theory
Study of society that focuses on inequality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories
56
Macrolevel orientation
A broad focus on social structure that shape society as a whole
57
Describe the macro level orientation of structural function approach
Society is a system of interrelated parts that is stable
Each part works to keep society operating in a orderly way
Members agree what is morally right and wrong
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Describe social conflict theory on macro level orientation
Society is a system of social inequalities
Society operates to benefit some categories of people and harm others
Social inequality causes conflict that leads to social change
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Micro level orientation
A close up focus on social interaction in specific interactions
60
Symbolic interaction approach
Sees society as the product of everyday interactions of individuals
61
Describe the micro level orientation of the symbolic interaction approach
Society is an ongoing process
People interact in countless settings using symbolic communications
The reality people experience is changing and variable
62
Positivist sociology
Study of society based on scientific observation of social behavior
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Science
A logical system that develops knowledge from direct systematic observation
64
What is another name for positivist sociology?
Empirical sociology
65
Empirical evidence
Information we can verify with our senses
66
What are 3 examples of held beliefs not supported by evidence?
Differences in the behavior of females and males are just human nature
The U.S. Is a middle class society in which most people are more or less equal
People marry because they are in love
67
Concept
A mental construct that represents some part of the world in a simplified form
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Examples of concepts
Family
Economy
Gender
69
Variable
A concept whose value changes from case to case
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Examples of variables
Height
Social class
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Measurement
A procedure for determining the value of a variable in a specific case
72
Descriptive statistics
Used to state averages/ mean, median, mode
73
Reliability
Consistency in measurement
74
If repeated measurement give the same result time after time. Reliability or validity?
Reliability
75
Validity
Measuring exactly what you intent to measure
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Correlation
A relationship in which 2 or more variables change together
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Cause and effect
A relationship in which Change in one variable causes change in another
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Independent variable
Cause
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Dependent variable
Effect
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Spurious
False correlation
81
What does false correlation usually result from?
Third factor
82
Describe the 3 cause and effect relationship requirements.
Variables are correlated
Independent variable occurs before the dependent variable
No evidence that a Thor variable has been overlooked
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Objectivity
Personal neutrality in conducting research
84
2 key words for objectivity
Value relevant
Value free
85
Value relevant
Topics the researcher care about
86
Interpretive sociology
The study of society that focuses on discovering the meanings people attach to their social world
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Interpretation
Understanding the meaning people create in their everyday lives
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3 Differences between positivist sociology and interpretive sociology
Positivist focus on actions. Interpretive focus on people's understanding their actions
Positivist claims that objective involves what can be observed. Interpretive says reality is subjective;people construct in the course of their everyday lives
Positivist focus on outward behavior, favors quantitative data. Interpretive focus on meaning, favors qualitative data.
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Describe the different settings of positivist sociology and interpretive sociology
Positivist:laboratory
Interpretive:natural setting
90
Weber
Concept of verstehen
91
Verstehen
Understanding
92
What is the job of an interpretive sociologist job?
Observe what people do and share their world of meaning and appreciate why they act as they do
93
Critical sociology
Study of society that focuses on the need for social change
94
What does critical sociology say?
All research is political
95
Positivist sociology=
Interpretive sociology=
Critical sociology=
Structural function
Symbolic interaction
Social conflict
96
Gender
Personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male
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Name 5 ways gender can affect research
Androcentricity
Over generalizing
Gender blindness
Double standards
Interference
98
Androcentricity
approaching an issue from a male perspective
99
Gynocentricity
Seeing the world from a female perspective
100
Over generalizing
Sociologists gather data from only men but draw conclusions about all people
101
Gender blindness
Failing to consider gender at all
102
Double standards
Not to judge men and women by different standards
103
Interference
If a subject reacts to the sex of the researcher
104
ASA
Establish guidelines for conducting research
105
What must sociologist record in their published results?
Funding
106
What must colleges have in terms of research ethics?
Institutional Review Board
107
Research method
Systematic plan for doing research
108
What are the 4 commonly used research methods?
Experiment
Surveys
Participant observation
Existing data
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Experiment
Research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions
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Hypothesis
Statement of how 2 or more variables are related
111
4 Steps to know whether to reject or accept hypothesis?
State dependent and independent variables
Measure initial value of dependent variable
Expose dependent to independent variable
Measure dependent variable to see what change took place
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Example of experiment
Stanford county prison
113
Survey
Research method where subjects respond to a series of questions on a questionnaire or in a interview
114
Sample
Smaller number of people to represent an entire population
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What surveys target?
A population
116
Example of survey
Do African Americans escape racism ?
117
Participant observation
Research method where investigators systematically observe people while joint them in routine activities
118
What is the 2 fold of participant observation?
Must become participants in the setting
Must remain observers
119
Example of participant observation
Street corner society. William Whyte. "Corner vile"
120
What do you need when doing participant observation for help?
Key informant
121
When using existing data who usually gathers the data?
U.S. Bureau
122
Benefits of existing data?
Save time and money
123
Example of using existing data
Puritan Boston and Quaker Philadelphia. Boston had more famous people because of religious beliefs and values
124
What are the 10 steps of sociological research?
```
What is your topic?
What have others already learned?
What are your questions?
What will you need to carry out research?
Are there ethical concerns?
What method will you use?
How will you record the data?
What do the data tell you?
What are your conclusions?
How can you share what you've learned?
```
125
Stereotype
Simplified description applied to every person in some category
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Culture
Way of thinking, acting, and material objects that together form a persons way of life
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Nonmaterial culture
Ideas created by members of a society
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Material culture
Physical things created by members of a society
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Society
People who interact in a defined territory and share a culture
130
Culture shock
Personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life
131
Example of culture shock
Yanomamo people
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Only humans rely on...
Culture rather than instinct to create a way of life and ensure our survival
133
Homo sapiens
Developed culture rapidly thanks to their tools
134
What is one indicator of culture?
Language
135
What are 3 reasons why languages declining and disappearing?
High technology communication, international migration, expanding global economy
136
What are the 4 elements of culture?
Symbols
Language
Values
Norms
137
Symbol
anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture
138
Example of symbols
Whistle
Red light
Raised fist
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When do we become aware of the importance of a symbol?
When used in an unconventional way
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Explain why culture shock is a 2 way process.
Traveler experience culture shock when meeting people whose way of life is different.
Traveler can inflict culture shock on other by acting in ways that offend them.
141
Language
System of symbols that allow people to communicate with one another
142
Cultural transmission
One generation passes culture to the next
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Sapir-Whorf thesis
Questions if language shapes reality.
People see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language
144
What does evidence show about whether or not language shapes reality?
Language doesn't determine reality
145
Values
Culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for socializing
146
Beliefs
Specific ideas that people hold to be true
147
Values are...
Beliefs are...
Abstract standards of goodness
Matters people accept true or false
148
What are the 10 key values of US culture?
```
Equal opportunity
Individual achievement/personal success
Material comfort
Activity and work
Practicality and efficiency
Progress
Science
Democracy and free enterprise
Freedom
Racism / group superiority
```
149
Describe practicality and efficiency
What will get us somewhere rather than what is interesting.
150
Valise are often...
In harmony sometimes in conflict
151
Why does our way of life value activity and hard work?
Members of our society expect effort to lead to success and result in material comfort
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Explain how values can be in conflict
Members of our society say they believe in equality of opportunity but many look down on others because of sex
153
Values on the global perspective
Values that are important to higher income countries differ from those common in Lower income countries
154
Lower income nations and values
Place great deal on value of survival. Tend to be traditional, emphasize importance of family and religious beliefs.
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Higher income nations and values
Value individualism and self expression. People take survival for granted. Focus on lifestyle. Secular and rational, placing less emphasis on family ties and religion.
156
Norms
Rules and expectations by which society guided the behavior of its members
157
Sanctions
Rewards or punishments that encourage conformity to cultural norms
158
Mores
Norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance
Taboos.
159
Example of a taboo
Society's insistence that adults not have sex with children
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Folkways
Norms for routine or causal interaction
161
What are some examples of folkways?
Greetings
Proper dress
162
Ideal culture
How we should behave
163
Real culture
What occurs in everyday life
164
Artifacts
Physical human creations
165
Name some examples of artifacts
Chinese eating with chopsticks
US Automobiles
166
Technology
Knowledge the people use to make a way of life in their surroundings
167
Describe the complexity of a society and technology
The more complex a society's technology the easier it is for members of that society to shake the world for themselves
168
Sociocultural evolution
Historical changes in culture brought about by new technology
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What are the 5 levels of developing culture
Hunting and gathering
Horticulture
Pastoralism
Agriculture
Industry
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Hunting and gathering
Use of simple tools to hunt animals and farther vegetation for food
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Facts about hunting and gathering
Oldest, most basic way of living
Kaska Indians
Nomadic,fAmily like group
Men and women have same social importance
No formal leaders, may have shaman or priest
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Horticulture
Use of hand tools to raise crops
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Facts about horticulture
Hoe and digging stick
Middle East
Rocky soil and mountains forced to continue hunting and gathering
Cultivated plants
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Pastoralism
Domestication of animals
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Facts about pastoralism
Africa
Nomadic people
176
Agriculture
Large scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources
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Facts about agriculture
Middle East
Invented numbers, writing, metals
Civilization
Money to exchange
Individualistic
Social inequality because of slaves
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Industry
Production of good using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery
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Facts about industry
Steam power
Large factories
Made world seem smaller because of railroads
Raises living standard
Extends human life span
Reduce economic inequality
Extend political rights
Weakens human community
180
Postindustrialism
Production of information using computer technology
181
Facts about Postindustrialism
U.S.
Computers
182
Cultural diversity in Japan vs US
Japan is monocultural
US is multicultural because of immigration
183
High culture
Cultural patterns that distinguish society's elite
184
What are some example in regards to high culture?
Polo clubs
185
Popular culture
Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population
186
Subculture
Culture patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population
187
Examples of subculture
Hippies
Ohio state football fans
188
Positive and negatives of subculture
Subculture express variety And causes tension
189
Mainstream culture
What we view as dominant or mainstream culture are patterns favored by powerful segments of the population
190
Multiculturalism
A perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the US and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions
191
Latin phrase on US Coins
Phrase means out of many one and symbolizes our national political union and immigrants coming together to form a new way of life
192
Euro centrism
Dominance of European cultural patterns
193
What do people say is a good way to strengthen the academic achievement of blacks?
Multiculturalism
194
Afrocentrism
Emphasizing and promoting African cultural patterns
195
What do people say multiculturalism encourage?
Divisiveness rather than unity because it urges people to identify with only their own category rather than the nation as a whole
196
Counterculture
Cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society
197
Example of counterculture?
Hippies
198
Cultural change
First year college students today compared to a generation ago who looked forward to raising a family. Today's students less concerned with developing a philosophy of life and more interested in making money.
199
Cultural integration
Close relationship among various elements of a cultural system
200
Cultural lag
Some cultural elements change more quickly than other;disrupting a cultural system
201
What is an example of cultural lag?
Women using other women's eggs for pregnancy
202
What are the 4 causes of cultural change?
Invention
Discovery
Diffusion
Conflict
203
What is and example of discovery?
Germ theory
204
What is diffusion?
Spread of objects or traits from one society to another
205
Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism
In poor countries families depend on income earned by their children.
206
All people are the same...
It's only their habits are different
207
Ethnocentrism
Practice of judging another culture by the standards of ones own culture
208
Culture relativism
Practice of judging a culture by its own standards
209
What does culture relativism require?
Openness to unfamiliar values and norms and the about to put aside cultural standards we have known our whole lives.
210
3 reason why societies around the world have more contact?
Global economy
Global communications
Global migration
211
Global economy
The flow of foods
212
What are the 3 limitations to the global culture thesis?
Global flow of information, goods, people is uneven in different parts of the world.
Global culture thesis assumes people everywhere are able to afford goods and devices
People do not attach the same meaning to things.
213
Structural functional theory of culture
Consider values to be the care of culture
214
Cultural universals
Traits that are part of every know culture
215
What is an example of a cultural universal?
Family which functions everywhere to control sexual reproduction.
Funerals
Jokes
216
Social conflict theory and culture
Links culture and inequality
Materialism has a powerful effect on the rest of the culture
217
Feminist theory and culture
Men earn more and have greater power
218
Sociobiology
Theoretical approach that explores ways in which human biology affects how we create culture
219
What do sociobiologists claim the large numbers of cultural universals reflect?
The fact that all humans are members of a singe biological species
220
Culture as a constraint
We are the creatures who experience alienation
Culture is a matter of habit, which limits our choices and drives us to repeat troubling patterns
Competition isolated us from each other
221
Culture as freedom
Forces us to choose as we make and remake a world for ourselves
222
Socialization
Lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture
223
Why do humans need social experience?
To learn their culture and to survive
224
Personalization
A persons fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling
225
Charles Darwin
Led people to think that human behavior was instinctive, our "nature"
226
Watson
Developed behaviorism. Led us to believe that behavior is not instinctive it is learned
227
Nature is...
Our nurture
228
What are scientists cautious about in regards to nature and nurture?
Describing any human behavior as instinctive
229
Harry and Margaret Harlow
Monkeys wire and cloth mothers
230
When could monkeys recover from isolation?
From as much as 3 months
231
Social isolation people
Anna
Genie
232
Signing Freud
Elements of personality
Theory of psychoanalysis
Says we have 2 basic needs/drives at birth
233
What were the two basic drives Freud said we have at birth?
Need for bonding. "Instinct"/Eros
Aggressive drive called death instinct/Thanatos
234
What did Freud say about the combined basic human drives?
Personality into 3 parts
235
What are Freud's 3 parts of personality?
I'd
Ego
Superego
236
Id
Human beings basic drives
237
Explain the id
Unconscious and demand immediate satisfaction
Present at birth making a newborn demand attention, food
Society opposes self centers id-child's first word is no
238
Ego
A persons conscious efforts to balance innate pleasure seeking drives with the demands of society
239
Describe the ego
Arises as we gain awareness of our distinctive existence and face the fact that we can't get everything we want
240
Superego
Cultural values and norms internalized by an individual
241
Describe the superego
Operates as our conscience telling us why we can't get everything we want
242
When does the superego form?
As a child becomes aware of parental demand and matures as the child understand that everyone's behavior should take account of cultural norms.
243
Which 2 parts of our personality according to Freud are always in conflict?
Id and superego
244
What changes selfish drives into socially acceptable behavior?
Sublimation
245
Jean Piaget studied...
Cognitive development
246
Cognition
How people think and understand
247
How many stages did Piaget identify for cognitive development?
4
248
What are the 4 parts of Piagets cognitive development?
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
249
Describe the sensorimotor stage
Level of human development where individuals experience the world only through their senses
250
What is the age range for sensorimotor stage?
First 2 years
251
Preoperarional stage
Level of human development where individuals first use language and other symbols
252
What is the age range of preoperational stage?
Age 2-7
253
During the preoperational stage what do we think about the world using?
Imagination
254
During the preoperational stage what do they attach meaning to?
Specific experiences and objects
255
Concrete operational stage
Level of human development where individuals first see casual connections in their surroundings
256
What is the Age range of concrete operational stage?
7-11
257
Describe the concrete operational stage
Focus on how and why things happen
Attach more than one symbol to an event or object
258
Formal operational stage
Level of human development where individuals think abstractly and critically
259
What is the age range of formal operational stage?
12
260
Describe the formal operational stage
People begin to reason in the abstract rather than think of concrete situations
261
What was Lawrence Kolhberg's theory called
Theory of moral development
262
What were 3 stages of Kolhberg's moral development theory?
Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional
263
Preconventional
Young children who experience the world in terms of pain and pleasure
264
What does Kolhberg's preconventional stage link to in Piagets theory?
Sensorimotor stage
265
Conventional level
Teen lose some of their selfishness as they learn to define right and wrong in terms of what pleases parents and conforms to cultural norms
266
The preconventional level is synonymous to which of Piagets stages?
Formal operational stage
267
Describe the conventional level
Becoming aware of action and intention
Realizing that stealing food for hungry isn't same as stealing an iPod to sell
268
Postconventional level
People move beyond their society's norms to consider abstract principles
269
Describe postconventional stage
Thinking about liberty, freedom, justice
270
What was Carol Gilligans theory called?
Theory of Gender and Moral Development
271
Basis of Carol Gilligans theory
Compared moral development of boys and girls and different standards of rightness
272
What perspective do boys have according to Gilligans theory?
Justice based
273
Describe the justice based perspective
Relying on formal rules to define right and wrong
274
What kind of perspective do girls have according to Gilligans theory?
Care and responsibility based perspective
275
Describe the care and responsibility perspective
Judging a situation with An eye toward personal relationships and loyalties
276
What was George Herbert Mead's theory cAlled?
Theory of the social self
277
What was the theory of social self?
To explain how social experience develops an individual's personality
278
Self
The part of an individual's personality composed of self awareness and self image
279
Is the self part of the body?
No and it doesn't exist at birth
280
According to Mead when does the self develop?
As the individual interacts with other
281
What does understanding intention require?
Imagining a situation from the others point of view
282
Looking glass self
A self image based on how we think others see us
283
Who developed the idea of looking glass self?
Charles Cooley
284
What are the 2 parts of the self?
I
Me
285
Does the I or me act as the subject being active and spontaneous?
I
286
Does the I or e acts as the objective side?
Me
287
What is the key to developing the self?
Learning to take the role of the other
288
The self is able to simultaneously take the role of no one when...
Engaging in imitation.
Have no self
289
The self is able to simultaneously take the role of one another when...
Engaging in play.
290
The self is able to simultaneously take the role of many others when...
In one situation when engaging in games
291
Significant others
People such as parents who have special importance for socialization
292
Generalized order
Widespread cultural norms and values we use as references in evaluating ourselves
293
What were Erik Eriksons stages called?
8 stages of development
294
What is the first stage of Erik Eriksons stages of development?
Infancy- challenge of trust vs mistrust
Establish sense of trust that the world is a safe place
295
What is the fifth stage of Erik Eriksons stages of development?
Adolescence-challenge of gaining identity vs confusion
They identify with others but want to be unique
296
What is the last stage of Erik Eriksons stages of development?
Old age-challenge of integrity vs despair
People hope to look back on what they have accomplished
297
What are the major Agents of socialization?
Family
School
Peer group
Mass media
298
The family has the job of teaching children what?
Skills
Values
Beliefs
299
What does the family give children?
A social identify
300
Social identity involves what?
Race
Religion
Social class
301
Parents of all social classes wanted...
Their children to be popular
302
69% of lower class parents point to ____ as a key trait in a child
Obedience
303
Well to do parents are more likely than low income parents to praise children who...
Can think for themselves
304
Melvin Kohn
Says people of lower social standing usually have limited education and expect children to take similar positions
Says well off parents have more schooling and jobs that demand creativity
305
Cultural capital
Advances learning and creates sense of confidence
306
What is important about schooling and socializing?
able to see people of different backgrounds
307
Peer group
A social group whose members have interest, social position, age in common
308
What allows children to escape the direct supervision of adults?
Peer groups
309
When do the importance of peer groups peak?
During adolescence when teens think of themselves as adults
310
Anticipatory socialization
Learning that helps a person achieve a desired position
311
Mass Media
Means for delivering impersonal communications to a vast audience
312
Media
Connect people "middle"
313
When did TV become dominant medium?
After WW2
314
How many hours do men usually watch Tv?
5 hours /day
315
How long do women usually watch tv?
5.5 hours/ day
316
How mAny hours do senior watch tv?
7 hours
317
How many hours do school age children watch tv?
7.5 hours
318
Do minority's or non minorities watch more TV?
Minorities
319
Do the rich or poor watch more TV?
Poor
320
Television and politics
Stereotypes for ethic groups
Conservatives think that TV and film are dominated by liberal cultural elite
321
1196 American medical association
Said violence on tv reached a high level that posed a hazard to our health
322
How many hours does the academy of pediatrics recommend for kids?
2 hours
Under 2 no tv
323
When did the TV rating system come about?
1997
324
Over _____ of worlds children in other countries earn 50 cents/hour
150 million
325
How do we defend our view of childhood?
Saying that young are biologically immature
326
What do we link adolescence to?
Emotional and social turmoil
327
What do we attribute teenage rebellion to?
Biological changes of puberty but it rally comes from cultural inconsistency
328
Social interaction
Process where people act and react in relation to others
329
What is social structure?
Cultural patterns of thought and action
330
Status
A social position that a person holds
331
George Simmel
Says before we can deal with anyone we need to know the status of that person
332
Status set
All the statuses a person holds at a given time
