sociology chapter 1

Question 1

what is sociology

Answer 1

systematic study of human society and social interaction

Question 2

what is a society

Answer 2

a large group of people that share a common geography, political system and culture

Question 3

what is sociological perspective?

Answer 3

an approach that attempts to understand human behavior by placing it within its broader social context

Question 4

what is sociological imagination

Answer 4

the ability to see the relationships between individual experiences and the larger society

Question 5

what is micro-macro linkage

Answer 5

how individual behavior is influenced by larger social issues

Question 6

what is social structure

Answer 6

social forces beyond the control of a single individual that shapes or influences behavior. Laney college Netflix
- unwritten rules of bbehavior

Question 7

what is psychology

Answer 7

brain science focuses on individual behavior but looks for explanations within the individual

Question 8

what is biology

Answer 8

genetic differences in individuals

Question 9

what is economics

Answer 9

focus on market behavior

Question 10

what is geography

Answer 10

social science how place affects human behavior

Question 11

what is anthroplogy

Answer 11

focus on culture and how it affects behavior

Question 12

why is sociology useful

Answer 12

debunks common sense myth about the social world

Question 13

who was emile durkheim

Answer 13

sociologist that patterned ways of acting, thinking and feeling that exist outside any one individual but that control your behavior. Father of functionalism

Question 14

who was karl marx

Answer 14

father of conflict theory believed that the key to human history was class conflict. competing social classes drives human history

Question 15

who was max weber

Answer 15

sociologists that wanted others to see the world as others would see it. Protestant work ethic and the spirit of capitalism

Question 16

who was auguste comte

Answer 16

coined the term sociology

Question 17

who was herbert spencer

Answer 17

sociologist that believed in social darwinism between races

Question 18

who was george simmel

Answer 18

focused on the geometry of social life and studied patterns of individual interactions within groups

Question 19

who was W.E.B Du Bois

Answer 19

african american sociologist that focused on race relations

Question 20

who was Jane Addams

Answer 20

influential woman sociologist and is one of very few to win a noble prize for sociology

Question 21

who was Andre Guerry

Answer 21

launched sociology by comparing moral statistics for english and french cities

Question 22

what is moral statistics

Answer 22

crime, suicide, illegitimate births and etc

Question 23

what else did Guerry focus on

Answer 23

1. ) structural forces outside of the individual that have powerful influences on indivudal and group behavior
2. ) population density, unemployment
3. ) look for explanations in a broader concept

Question 24

what is macro sociology

Answer 24

focuses on broad features of the social structure

Question 25

what are the two theories of macro sociology

Answer 25

functionalism and conflict

Question 26

what is micro-sociology

Answer 26

focues on small groups and interpersonal interactions

Question 27

what are the two theories of micro-sociology

Answer 27

symbolic interaction, exchange

Question 28

what is functionalism

Answer 28

society is stable and is orderly

Question 29

what are some characteristics of a stable society

Answer 29

members share common set of beliefs and values

Question 30

why does society de

Answer 30

they help society survive

Question 31

what are some functional requirements

Answer 31

- replace members - teach new members - produce goods and services - have order - sense of purpose - adapatation

Question 32

what is the functionalist theory

Answer 32

major institutions and the arrangements of society is the most efficient way of meeting basic needs

Question 33

what is manifest

Answer 33

intended function of an institution ( read, write, math)

Question 34

what is latent

Answer 34

unintended benefit (follow rules)

Question 35

what is conflict perspective?

Answer 35

argues that major institutions protect the property and the status of the rich from the poor

Question 36

what is conflict?

Answer 36

groups are engaged in a continuous power struggle for scare resource

Question 37

what does a conflict theorist focus on

Answer 37

major problems within institutions

Question 38

what is microsociology

Answer 38

focuses on small groups rather than large scale social structures

Question 39

what is interaction

Answer 39

immediate reciprocally orientated communication between two or more actors

Question 40

what is a symbol

Answer 40

form of communication either verbal or nonverbal

Question 41

what is self concept

Answer 41

how we view ourselves

Question 42

what does our self-concept depend on

Answer 42

how others treat us and interact with is

Question 43

what is the social exchange theory

Answer 43

actors engage in cost/benefit analysis

Question 44

what is antipositivism

Answer 44

view that social researchers should strive for subjectivity as they worked to represent social processes, cultural norms and societal values.

Question 45

what is dramaturgical analysis

Answer 45

when sociologists view society through a metaphor of theatrical performance

Question 46

what is an example of dramaturgical analysis

Answer 46

For example, a server in a restaurant is likely to perform one way in front of customers but might be much more casual in the kitchen. It is likely that he or she does things in the kitchen that might seem unseemly in front of customers.

Question 47

what is dynamic equilibrium

Answer 47

a stable state in which all parts of a healthy society work together properly

Question 48

what is an example of dynamic equilibrium

Answer 48

As an example of this in real life, think about a saucepan of water that you are heating to boil some potatoes because the water is working and the potatoes are cooking at its highest point of effectiveness

Question 49

what are social dysfunctions

Answer 49

social patterns that have undesirable consequences

Question 50

what is figuration

Answer 50

always analyzing the behavior of an individual and the society that shapes that behavior

Question 51

what are generalized others

Answer 51

the organized and generalized attitude of a social group

Question 52

what are grand theories

Answer 52

attempt to explain large-scale relationships and answer questions such as why societies form and why they change

Question 53

what is a hypothesis

Answer 53

a testable proposition

Question 54

what are paradigms

Answer 54

philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations and the experiments performed in support of them

Question 55

what is reification

Answer 55

an error of treating an abstract concept as though it has a real, material existence

Question 56

what are significant others

Answer 56

specific individuals that impact a person's life

Question 57

what are social facts

Answer 57

the laws, morals, values, religions and all of the cultural rules that govern social life

Question 58

what is a social institution

Answer 58

patterns of belief and behaviors focused on meeting social needs

Question 59

what is an example of a social institution

Answer 59

school

Question 60

what is social solidarity

Answer 60

social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, religion

Question 61

what is symbolic interactionism

Answer 61

a theoretical perspective through which scholars examine the relationship of individuals within their society by studying their communication (language and symbols)

Question 62

what is verstehen

Answer 62

a German word that means to understand in a deep way