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sociology > Sociology Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Sociology Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Quantive Data?

A

Where data is gathered or translated into numbers.

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2
Q

What is Qualitative Data?

A

Where data is gathered into words, narrative’s, and impressions. (Would lose value and meaning if translated into numbers).

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3
Q

What is the definition of culture?

A

Society’s entire way of life.

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4
Q

What is material culture?

A

The physical things created by members of society.

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5
Q

What is non-material culture?

A

Ideas created by members of a society.

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6
Q

How many different languages are spoken in the U.S.?

A

382 languages are spoken in the United States.

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7
Q

How many languages are spoken in the world?

A

7,000 Global Languages

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8
Q

What are the four common elements of culture?

A

Language , Values, Symbols, and Norms

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9
Q

What are the two second languages of the world?

A

English and Spanish

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10
Q

What percentage of U.S. adults are functionally illiterate?

A

14%

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11
Q

What is the definition of “Norms”

A

Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of it’s members.

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12
Q

What is “Mores”?

A

Refers to Norms that are widely observed that have great moral significance.

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13
Q

What are Folkways?

A

routine “norms” for casual interactions. (Basic rules of everyday life). Every day politeness/ediquette

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14
Q

Cultural Symbols are?

A

anything that carries a specific meaning recognized by people who share a culture.

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15
Q

What is Social Control?

A

Attempts by society to regulate people’s thoughts and behavior.

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16
Q

What is Sociocultural Evolution?

A

Historical changes in culture brought about by new technology.

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17
Q

What are the four levels of Sociocultural Evolution?

A

Hunting/gathering, Horticulture/pastoralism, Agriculture, and Industrialism

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18
Q

What is Post Industrialism?

A

Production of information using computer technology.

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19
Q

What is High Culture?

A

The elite of society.

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20
Q

What is Popular Culture?

A

Widespread Cultural patterns among a population. Known as “pop culture”.

21
Q

What is Subculture?

A

Cultural patterns that are set apart by groups of a society’s population. Such as “beach crowd”, or “Chopper Riders”.

22
Q

What is Multiculturalism?

A

Recognizing the cultural diversity of the U.S. and promoting equal standing for cultural traditions.

23
Q

What is Euro-centrism?

A

Dominance of European culture patterns.

24
Q

What is Afro-centrism?

A

Promoting African culture patterns.

25
Q

What is Anglicization?

A

Adoption of English Ways.

26
Q

What is counter culture?

A

Culture patterns that oppose those widely accepted within a society.

27
Q

What is cultural integration?

A

Close relationships among various elements of a cultural system. (such as when a woman has a career it effects the childbirth age and the divorce rate).

28
Q

What is Cultural Lag? Coined by William Ogburn.

A

Some elements change more quickly than others. Disrupting a cultural system.( technology moves faster than ideas can keep up with)

29
Q

What is cultural change?

A

Change by invention, discovery, or diffusion.

30
Q

What is Cultural Diffusion?

A

Spread of culture traits from one society to another.

31
Q

What is Ethnocentrism?

A

The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture.

32
Q

What is cultural relativism?

A

The practice of judging a culture by it’s own standards.

33
Q

Define Global Economy

A

The flow of goods throughout the world.

34
Q

Define Global Communications

A

The flow of information throughout the world

35
Q

Define Global Migration

A

The flow of people throughout the world.

36
Q

Define structural functional strategy

A

complex strategy for meeting human needs. Thinking functionally helps us understand an unfamiliar way of life.

37
Q

What are Cultural Universals?

A

Traits that are part of every culture. Common elements such as family. Jokes are also a universal culture.

38
Q

What is Sociobiology?

A

A Theoretical approach that explores ways in which human biology affects how we create culture.

39
Q

What is the Sapir- Whorf Thesis?

A

The idea that people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language.

40
Q

Our diverse society is due to?

A

Immigration, social class

41
Q

Gerhard Lenski is known for?

A

Technology is critical.

42
Q

What is real culture?

A

occurs in everyday life.

43
Q

What is ideal culture?

A

The standards that a society tries to live up to.

44
Q

What is cultural knowledge?

A

Cultural knowledge is made up of culture general and culture specific knowledge.

45
Q

What is static elements society?

A

Content to live in an environment that does not change. Governed by tradition. Lives as same as generations before.

46
Q

What is Egalitarian Society?

A

Equality for all; natural state of humanity.

47
Q

What is Agrarian Society?

A

Large Scale agriculture using plows. Live in permanent settlements.

48
Q

Culture acts as a constraint because?

A

culture habits are repeated.

49
Q

What is social inequality?

A

Unevenly distributed resources, based on social status not merit.

sociology (8 decks)

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