Sociology Chapter 3

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

is the totality of learned , socially transmitted customs , knowledge , material objects and behavior. It Includes ideas , values and artifacts

Question 2

Facts of Culture

Answer 2

Culture is not something you do alone | Only a group can create culture.

Question 3

Society

Answer 3

is fairly a large number of people living in the same territory and relatively independent of outside forces and participating in common culture.

Question 4

Founder of Culture Industry

Answer 4

Theodore Adorno

Question 5

Culture Industry

Answer 5

The world wide media industry that standardizes goods and services demanded by consumers.

Question 6

Cultural Universals

Answer 6

A common practice or believe found in every culture such as : Sports , cooking , dancing , family , marriage , religious rituals, funeral ceremonies , sexual restrictions & symbols.

Question 7

Founder of Cultural Universals

Answer 7

George Murdock ( 1897 - 1895 )

Question 8

Ethno Centrism

Answer 8

Judging everything from our own culture | Also is the common attitude to consider that one’s own culture is the best. | Also the tendency to assume that one’s culture and way of life presents the norm or superior to all others.

Question 9

Founder of Ethno-Centrism

Answer 9

Graham William 1840 - 1910

Question 10

Sociobiology

Answer 10

The Systematic study of how biology affects humans social behaviors | ( Example ) Universal expectation that women will be nurturers and Men will be providers

Question 11

Discovery

Answer 11

involves making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality ( example : Sugar makes children hyper or the first person who discovered iron )

Question 12

Invention

Answer 12

The combination of existing cultural items that did not exist before ( example : cellphone )

Question 13

Globalization

Answer 13

The world wide integration of government policies culture , social movements and financial markets through trade and exchange of ideas.

Question 14

Technology

Answer 14

Culture information about the way in which material resources of the environment may be used to satisfy human need and desires.

Question 15

Founder of Technology Theory

Answer 15

Gerard Lensk

Question 16

Cultural Relativism

Answer 16

viewing people’s behavior from the perspective of their own culture | places a priority on understanding their own cultures rather than judging or dismissing them as strange

Question 17

Founder of Cultural Relativism

Answer 17

Max Weber 1864 - 1920

Question 18

The Purpose of Culture

Answer 18

is to transmit knowledge , material objects , and behavior.

Question 19

Material Culture

Answer 19

The Physical or Technological aspect of our daily lives including food , houses , factories and raw material

Question 20

Non-Material Culture

Answer 20

refers to ways of using material objects as well as to customs beliefs, philosophies , governments, and patterns of communication.

Question 21

Norms

Answer 21

are established standards of behavior maintained by society.

Question 22

Formal Norms

Answer 22

Written codes of how to behave in society.

Question 23

Values

Answer 23

Conception of what it is considered to be good.

Question 24

Racial Group

Answer 24

Group apart from others because of obvious physical differences.

Question 25

Race

Answer 25

Color of Skin , Hair Texture, color eyes, size of noise , heigh , shoulder size , legs , hand , fingers.

Question 26

Culture

Answer 26

How to Behave in Society : The Role of the Family is important because family transmits information

Question 27

Culture Lag

Answer 27

Refers to the period of maladjustment when the non-material culture is still struggling to adapt to the new material conditions. Example ( People who can't keep up and are attached to the old ways )

Question 28

SubCulture

Answer 28

is a segment of society that shares distinctive patterns of customs , rules , traditions. They differ from the patterns of larger society

Question 29

Argot

Answer 29

Specialized language used by members of a group or a subculture

Question 30

Counter-Culture

Answer 30

Forms when a subculture deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture. example ( gangs who create signs to differentiate )

Question 31

Culture-Shock

Answer 31

occurs to anyone who feels disoriented or out of place , uncertain or even fearful when immersed in a unfamiliar culture.

Question 32

Language

Answer 32

is an abstract of system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture.

Question 33

Innovation

Answer 33

The process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture

Question 34

Sapir - whir hypothesis

Answer 34

named for two linguists , describes the role of language in shaping our interpretation of reality. People can conceptualize the world through language so therefore language precedes thought

Question 35

Symbols

Answer 35

are the gestures , objects and words that form the basis of human communication

Question 36

Informal norms

Answer 36

are generally understood but not precisely recorded. Standard of proper dress are signs of informal norms

Question 37

Mores

Answer 37

are norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society often because they embody the most cherished principles of a people

Question 38

Folkways a

Answer 38

are norms governing everyday behavior

Question 39

Sanction

Answer 39

A Penalty or reward for conduct concerning a social norm.

Question 40

Culture War

Answer 40

The Polarization of society over controversial cultural elements

Question 41

Value

Answer 41

A collective conception of what is considered good , desirable and proper - or bad undesirable and improper in a culture.