Sociology chapter four Self and Society

Question 1

What is human nature

Answer 1

-nature versus nurture
- are we the people that we are because of our:
-genetics?
-socialization?
-both?

Question 2

The process of socialization

Answer 2

• Socialization
  *Values, beliefs, and norms of social groups:
  *Society teaches . . .
  *Individuals learn and internalize . . .
  *Birth death
• Language facilities socialization.

Question 3

Agents of Socialization

Answer 3

Agents of Socialization
*Social groups, institutions, and individuals that provide structured situations where socialization occurs.
*Family
*Schools
*Peers
*Mass media

Question 4

Status

Answer 4

*Position in society that comes with a set of expectations.

Question 5

Statuses and roles; ascribed rules

Answer 5

One we are born with that is unlikely to change such as our gender or race

Question 6

Statuses and roles;embodies status

Answer 6

Is located in our physical selves such as beauty or disability

Question 7

Statuses and roles;achieved status

Answer 7

This is one that we have earned through our own efforts such as an occupation hobby or skill

Question 8

Statuses and roles;master status

Answer 8

Status that seems to override all others and affects all other statuses that we possess

Question 9

Stereotyping

Answer 9

Judging others based on preconceived generalization about groups or categories of people

Question 10

Roles

Answer 10

Behaviors expected from a particular status

Question 11

Role conflict

Answer 11

Roles associated with one status clash with the roles associated with a different status

Question 12

Role strain

Answer 12

Roles associated with a single status clash

Question 13

Role exit

Answer 13

The process of disengagement from Rome that essential to one’s self identity and establishment of an identity in a new role.

Question 14

Resocialization

Answer 14

Process of replacing previously learned norms and values with new ones as a part of a transition in life.

Question 15

Total institutions

Answer 15

*Cuts individuals off from the rest of society so that their lives can be controlled and regulated.
*Dramatic form of resocialization
*Prison, military, mental health unit

Question 16

Sigmund freud

Answer 16

Subconscious and unconscious mind

Question 17

The development of the self-

Answer 17

Personal identity
*Separate and different from all other people
*Created and modified through social interaction

Question 18

Charles cooley

Answer 18

Looking-glass self
*The self develops through our:
*Perception of others’ evaluations
*Appraisals of (interactions with) us

Question 19

Looking-Glass Self

Answer 19

-We imagine how we look to others.

*We imagine other people’s judgment of us.

*We experience some kind of feeling about ourselves based on our perception of other people’s judgment.

Question 20

George Herbert Mead

Answer 20

Self created through social interaction.
*Process started in childhood.

-stages of self:
-preparatory
-play
Particular other
-game stage
-generalized other

Question 21

Erving Goffman

Answer 21

*Meaning is constructed through interaction.
*And the self!
*Dramaturgy
*Compares social interaction to the theater
*Individuals take on roles and act them out
The Thomas Theorem
*“if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.”

*Ambiguous situations allow for many possible meanings.
*The way we define each situation, then, becomes its reality.

Question 22

Impression management

Answer 22

Social life as a game
*We work to control the impressions others have of us.

*Front *Backstage

*Personal front
*Frontstage

*Region

Question 23

Feeling rules

Answer 23

Norms regarding the expression and display of emotions expectations about the sexual or desirable feelings in a given situation

Question 24

Copresence

Answer 24

Face-to-face interaction or being in the presence of others

Question 25

Role-taking emotions

Answer 25

Emotions like sympathy embarrassment or shame that require we assume the perspective of another person or poop and respond accordingly

Question 26

Emotional labor

Answer 26

The process invoking suppressing and otherwise managing things to create a publicly observable display of emotion