Sociology chapter four Self and Society Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is human nature
-nature versus nurture
- are we the people that we are because of our:
-genetics?
-socialization?
-both?
The process of socialization
- Socialization
*Values, beliefs, and norms of social groups:
*Society teaches . . .
*Individuals learn and internalize . . .
*Birth death - Language facilities socialization.
Agents of Socialization
Agents of Socialization
*Social groups, institutions, and individuals that provide structured situations where socialization occurs.
*Family
*Schools
*Peers
*Mass media
Status
*Position in society that comes with a set of expectations.
Statuses and roles; ascribed rules
One we are born with that is unlikely to change such as our gender or race
Statuses and roles;embodies status
Is located in our physical selves such as beauty or disability
Statuses and roles;achieved status
This is one that we have earned through our own efforts such as an occupation hobby or skill
Statuses and roles;master status
Status that seems to override all others and affects all other statuses that we possess
Stereotyping
Judging others based on preconceived generalization about groups or categories of people
Roles
Behaviors expected from a particular status
Role conflict
Roles associated with one status clash with the roles associated with a different status
Role strain
Roles associated with a single status clash
Role exit
The process of disengagement from Rome that essential to one’s self identity and establishment of an identity in a new role.
Resocialization
Process of replacing previously learned norms and values with new ones as a part of a transition in life.
Total institutions
*Cuts individuals off from the rest of society so that their lives can be controlled and regulated.
*Dramatic form of resocialization
*Prison, military, mental health unit
Sigmund freud
Subconscious and unconscious mind
The development of the self-
Personal identity
*Separate and different from all other people
*Created and modified through social interaction
Charles cooley
Looking-glass self
*The self develops through our:
*Perception of others’ evaluations
*Appraisals of (interactions with) us
Looking-Glass Self
-We imagine how we look to others.
*We imagine other people’s judgment of us.
*We experience some kind of feeling about ourselves based on our perception of other people’s judgment.
George Herbert Mead
Self created through social interaction.
*Process started in childhood.
-stages of self:
-preparatory
-play
Particular other
-game stage
-generalized other
Erving Goffman
*Meaning is constructed through interaction.
*And the self!
*Dramaturgy
*Compares social interaction to the theater
*Individuals take on roles and act them out
The Thomas Theorem
*“if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.”
*Ambiguous situations allow for many possible meanings.
*The way we define each situation, then, becomes its reality.
Impression management
Social life as a game
*We work to control the impressions others have of us.
*Front *Backstage
*Personal front
*Frontstage
*Region
Feeling rules
Norms regarding the expression and display of emotions expectations about the sexual or desirable feelings in a given situation
Copresence
Face-to-face interaction or being in the presence of others
