Sociology Exam Review

Question 1

Sociology

Answer 1

Study of social groups and behaviour (gender roles, family, structures)

Question 2

Structural functionalism

Answer 2

How social structures function to serve the needs of society

Question 3

Conflict theory

Answer 3

Study of how power forms the basis of the relationship between different groups and creates conflict

Question 4

Feminist sociology

Answer 4

Conflict created by gender, how men control women

Question 5

Symbolic interactionism

Answer 5

The individuals role and place within society and how people view their world via interactions

Question 6

August Comte

Answer 6

Founder of sociology, origin of positivism

Question 7

Emile Durkhiem

Answer 7

First sociologist. Established the first sociological method. Provided foundation for structural

Question 8

Talcott Parsons

Answer 8

Structural functionalist. Controversial, because his theory excuses discrimination

Question 9

Karl Marx

Answer 9

Economic history. Class conflict, Western society surrounds property ownership and labour exploitation

Question 10

Max Webet

Answer 10

Made the theory of rationalization

Question 11

Dorothy smith

Answer 11

Feminist sociologist, gender inequalities

Question 12

Socialization

Answer 12

Where someone learns the rules and behaviours of their society

Question 13

Primary Socialization

Answer 13

Basic skills

Question 14

Secondary Sociolization

Answer 14

Behaving appropriately

Question 15

Anticipatory

Answer 15

Learning how to plan the way to behave

Question 16

Resocialization

Answer 16

Negative behaviour to socially acceptably behaviour

Question 17

Agents of socialization

Answer 17

People and institutions that shape someone (family, school, friend groups)

Question 18

Dyads

Answer 18

Two members, intimate

Question 19

Informal

Answer 19

less personal, co-workers

Question 20

Primary

Answer 20

Influential, small group, family

Question 21

Secondary

Answer 21

Impersonal, formal events

Question 22

Virtual

Answer 22

Online, same interests

Question 23

Roles

Answer 23

Expected behaviour, governs the group

Question 24

Norms

Answer 24

Expectations on how to behave. Varies from group to group

Question 25

Sanctions

Answer 25

Penalties to ensure conformity within a group

Question 26

Ferals

Answer 26

Raised by animals, no human contact, oxana, pascal

Question 27

Isolates

Answer 27

Raised in isolation by humans, genie - non-verbal, malnourished

Question 28

Collective Behaviour

Answer 28

Social behaviour of a large group that does not reflect existing roles

Question 29

Conventional crowds

Answer 29

Clear purpose and displays the expected behaviour

Question 30

Expressive crowd

Answer 30

Crowd who displays emotion and excitmenet

Question 31

Acting crowd

Answer 31

fuelled by a single purpose/role

Question 32

Mobs

Answer 32

Disorderly crowd

Question 33

Riot

Answer 33

Disorder stemming from grievance

Question 34

Conformity

Answer 34

Individual will alter their thoughts and behaviours to fit in. negative: pressures to fit in at school positive: don't litter

Question 35

Cults

Answer 35

Extremist groups whose rules are rigid and are guided by a charismatic leader

Question 36

Love bombing

Answer 36

Warm and loving, a new family

Question 37

Exploitations of fears

Answer 37

Recruiters exploit their fears

Question 38

Group pressure

Answer 38

Rewards for conforming and rejection when doubt adds to the pressure

Question 39

No critical questions

Answer 39

Questions are sidetracked or discouraged

Question 40

Isolation

Answer 40

Taken away from their family and friends

Question 41

Food/sleep deprivation

Answer 41

Kept busy to prevent food and sleep

Question 42

Guilt/Shaming

Answer 42

Guilted and shamed if they doubt the cult

Question 43

Characteristics of a cult (Leader)

Answer 43

Captivating, authoritarian leader

Question 44

Characteristics of a cult (Members)

Answer 44

Only its members will be saved or given some higher understanding

Question 45

Characteristics of a cult (Friendship or 'Family Love'

Answer 45

Friendship or family love of the group replaces other relationships. Members are isolated from their old family

Question 46

Jim Jones

Answer 46

Koolaid man, mass suicide in Jonestown, Guyana.

Question 47

Charles Manson

Answer 47

Tate-LaBianca murders, female members influenced to murder

Question 48

Prison, vs Jails vs Youth detention centres

Answer 48

Prison is long term, jail is used to await trial, and youth detention is for minor

Question 49

Remand vs Sentenced Custody

Answer 49

Court ordered temporary detention vs found guilty of a crime and detained

Question 50

Who is in jail

Answer 50

Overrepresentation of Indigenous peoples, men under 25, people of colour

Question 51

Three Components of the CJS

Answer 51

Law enforcement, courts, and rehab

Question 52

Purposes of punishment

Answer 52

Protect the people, deterrence, reformation, incapacitation

Question 53

Surviving Maximum Security - DOC

Answer 53

Gangs to find protection, always be aware of your surroundings

Question 54

Issues in CJS

Answer 54

Too long awaiting trial, not enough justice or protection for SA victims, Indigenous overrepresentation, too much police, not enough rehab for ex-cons (learning basic life skills, etc...)

Question 55

Social media usage

Answer 55

Relying on social media for basic interaction, feeling like were missing out, therapists for our friends

Question 56

Issues with Usage

Answer 56

Low self esteem, beauty standards, less human interaction, bad for physical health, dangerous talking to strangers, putting up a façade on the internet