Sociology Final

Question 1

Ethnicity refers to?

Answer 1

Cultural practices and outlooks of a given community that have emerged historically and tend to set people apart.

Question 2

For whites, the importance of ethnicity has?

Answer 2

Declined in recent years

Question 3

For whites, ethnicity is largely?

Answer 3

Voluntary and symbolic

Question 4

Whites can now choose to be

Answer 4

Ethnic or not

Question 5

Given high rates of ethnic intermarriages, more and more whites can now choose which?

Answer 5

Ethnicity to be

Question 6

Unlike ethnicity for whites, being racially Asian is?

Answer 6

Not voluntary

Question 7

Race refers to the differences in

Answer 7

Human physical characteristics used to categorize large numbers of individuals

Question 8

Race can be understood as a classification system that?

Answer 8

Assigns individuals and groups to categories that are ranked or hierarchical

Question 9

There are no clear-cut physical differences between races.

Answer 9

Races

Question 10

The genetic diversity within races is greater than the?

Answer 10

Genetic diversity between them

Question 11

Race is a?

Answer 11

Social construct

Question 12

Which Swedish botanist developed a human classification system in 1735?

Answer 12

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 13

Carolus Linnaeus’s system is recognized as the?

Answer 13

The first version of a modern classification scheme of human populations

Question 14

Carolus Linnaeaus grouped human beings into four basic categories which are?

Answer 14

Europaeus, Americanus, Asiaticus, and Africanus

Question 15

Carolus Linnaeus assumed that each subgroup had qualities of behavior or temperament that were?

Answer 15

Innate and could not be altered

Question 16

Carolus Linnaeus acquired much of his data from?

Answer 16

The writings, descriptions, commentaries, and beliefs of plantation owners, missionaries, slave traders, explorers, and travelers

Question 17

Carolus Linnaeus’s classification scheme reflected the?

Answer 17

Prejudices of Europeans that were prevalent at that time

Question 18

From the fifteenth century onward, as Europeans came into increased contact with people from different regions of the world, they attempted to categorize these people based on their physical attributes. These categories became the basis of systems that shaped and constrained the people’s daily lives. This is an example of?

Answer 18

Racialization

Question 19

Slavery in the former British colonies in the Americas

Apartheid in South Africa

The American South in the early twentieth century

The United States after the dismantling of state-sanctioned segregation during the civil rights era of the 1960s
These are all examples of?

Answer 19

Racialized systems

Question 20

Soo Young is a fashion model who has difficulty getting work in the international modeling industry because of?

Answer 20

An industry-wide bias against fashion models who appear to be of non-European ancestry and/or mixed race

Question 21

Joan believes that most drug dealers are black. She continues to hold this belief even though she read in the newspaper that more whites sell drugs than blacks. This attitude is an example of?

Answer 21

Prejudice

Question 22

Although Scott, an African American, was more qualified than Bernardo, a Hispanic American, Bernardo was hired instead of Scott because the owner believed that Hispanic Americans are harder workers than African Americans. Denying Scott the job is an example of?

Answer 22

Discrimination

Question 23

Thinking in terms of fixed and inflexible categories such as believing that all Muslims are religious fundamentalists is known as?

Answer 23

Stereotyping

Question 24

Blaming immigrants for high unemployment rates is an example of?

Answer 24

Scapegoating

Question 25

The early wave of immigrants to the United States, from the 1820s to the 1880s, was mostly from?

Answer 25

Northwestern Europe

Question 26

Driven by a series of potato famines, ___ million people migrated to the _______ from ______ in the _____ ______ and settled mostly in ________.

Answer 26

``` 1.5 million United States Ireland nineteenth century urban areas. ```

Question 27

A major new influx of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe arrived in the United States in?

Answer 27

The 1880s and 1890s

Question 28

All immigrant groups were subjected to prejudice and discrimination by those who were already?

Answer 28

Established in the United States

Question 29

Most immigrants admitted to the United States since ____ have been from?

Answer 29

1965 have been from Latin America or Asia

Question 30

Who is the largest minority group in the United States?

Answer 30

Hispanic Americans

Question 31

Who has the lowest high-school graduation rate?

Answer 31

Hispanics

Question 32

Who has the highest median household income?

Answer 32

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders

Question 33

In American Apartheid (1993), Douglas Massey and Nancy A. Denton argue that the history of racial segregation is responsible for?

Answer 33

The perpetuation of black poverty and the continued polarization of black and white people.

Question 34

Who argued that race has declined in its significance for blacks, especially with respect to economic disadvantages for the poorest segment of the community.

Answer 34

William Julius Wilson