Sociology in healthy Flashcards
(19 cards)
Define health according to the WHO (1946).
: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease.
What are the three dimensions of well-being that constitute health according to the WHO definition?
- Physical well-being (proper body function, free from disease/injury),
- Mental well-being (emotional, psychological, cognitive health),
- Social well-being (ability to participate in social relationships).
What is the key difference between disease and illness?
Disease is a specific medical condition (objective, measurable), while illness is the personal experience of living with that condition (subjective, influenced by personal, social, and cultural factors).
Provide an example that differentiates disease, illness, and sickness.
- A person with a cold (disease) may be identified as being unhealthy (sickness) and experience symptoms like congestion and fatigue.
- Their personal experience (illness) may involve feeling miserable and struggling with daily activities.
What is the biopsychosocial model of health?
A model that views health as a result of a dynamic interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors.
Explain the concept of “sickness.”
- Sickness refers to the state of being unwell or unhealthy, which can occur with or without the presence of a specific illness.
- It is a social identity distinguishable from the biological concept of disease and the socio-psychological concept of illness.
What is the “sick role” as defined by Talcott Parsons?
A sociological concept describing the social expectations and behaviors associated with being ill. It outlines how society expects a sick person to act and how they should be treated.
According to Parsons, what are the three attributes that define the sick role?
- The person must be physically sick, suffering from a diagnosed disease or injury.
- The sick person must accept their condition and cooperate with medical care.
- The person must not be currently performing their normal societal obligations or enjoying their usual everyday life.
What are four social expectations of a sick person?
- Exemption from normal responsibilities
- Rights to care and support,
- Obligation to seek help
- Obligation to cooperate with treatment
What are three rights of a person in the sick role?
- The right to be taken care of by others
- Right to a reduction in social obligations
- The right to financial support (in some cases).
What are three obligations of a person in the sick role?
- Be truthful about their health
- Seek medical treatment and follow doctor’s advice,
- Confine activities to those compatible with their health.
What happens in Stage 4 of Mechanic’s illness behavior model?
Stage 4:
Medical care contact - the individual seeks medical diagnoses, either from a primary care physician or a specialist.
What is the first stage of illness behavior according to David Mechanic (1962)?
Stage 1:
* Symptom perception - the person becomes aware of a physical or emotional symptom that deviates from a normal state.
Describe Stage 2 of Mechanic’s illness behavior model.
Stage 2:
Symptom interpretation - the individual attempts to make sense of their symptom, considering possible causes, severity, and consequences, and decides on a course of action (seek care, self-treat, or ignore).
What occurs during Stage 6 of Mechanic’s illness behavior model?
Stage 6: Patient role adoption - the individual adopts the sick role, assuming responsibilities and expectations associated with being ill.
What is the final stage (Stage 8) in Mechanic’s model of illness behavior?
Stage 8: Return to normalcy - the individual returns to their normal activities and responsibilities, having recovered or adapted to their condition.
What is the third stage (Stage 8) in Mechanic’s model of illness behavior?
Illness and behavior decision
* Individuals decide whether to seek medical care or not, self treat or ignore their symptoms
What is the fifth stage (Stage 5) in Mechanic’s model of illness behavior?
Medical diagnosis and treatment
* A healthcare provider diagnoses the condition and prescribe a treatment
What is the seventh stage (Stage 7) in Mechanic’s model of illness behavior?
Recovery or rehabilitation
* Recover from illness or undergo rehabilitation to manage chronic condition
