Sociology Midterm Flashcards
(64 cards)
The concept that describes opening a window into unfamiliar worlds that allows us to understand human behavior by placing it within its broader social context is called ________.
the social imperative
social integration
social location
the sociological perspective (or imagination)
the sociological perspective (or imagination)
When sociologists’ group people into categories based on their age, gender, educational level, job, and income, they are trying to determine ________.
social location
social network
social skills
social personality
social location
The first person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the study of social life was ________.
Emile Durkheim
Auguste Comte
Karl Marx
Max Weber
Auguste Comte
The term “survival of the fittest,” which is a principle part of the concept of social Darwinism, was coined by ________.
Talcott Parsons
Herbert Spencer
Auguste Comte
Charles Darwin
Herbert Spencer
Karl Marx suggested that the force that drives human history and is at the core of human society is ________.
class conflict
religion
family
education
class conflict
The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the ________ and the ________.
nobles; peasants
civilized; barbarians
bourgeoisie; proletariat
upper class; lower class
bourgeoisie; proletariat
The French sociologist Emile Durkheim is most identified with which of the following areas of study?
social integration
class conflict
social Darwinism
the spirit of capitalism
social integration
Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that ________ was the force most responsible for social change.
economics; religion
education; political stability
government; economics
religion; education
economics; religion
The first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, who spent his lifetime studying race relations in America and was one of the founders of the NAACP, was ________.
W. E. B. Du Bois
Booker T. Washington
George Washington Carver
Benjamin Quarles
W. E. B. Du Bois
Because of her outstanding contributions to social reform, as demonstrated in her work as co-founder of Hull-House, ________ was a co-winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1931.
Marion Talbot
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Alice Paul
Jane Addams
Jane Addams
Sociologists who analyze how social life depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely ________.
ethnomethodologists
functionalists
conflict theorists
symbolic interactionists
symbolic interactionists
Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark would be considered a(n) ________ and John would be seen as a(n) ________.
symbolic interactionist; functionalist
applied sociologist; functionalist
basic sociologist; applied sociologist
functionalist; conflict theorist
functionalist; conflict theorist
__________ would be part of material culture.
Hairstyles
Language
Beliefs
Values
Hairstyles
One thing that can be said about material culture is that __________.
it is “natural”
it includes gestures
it includes a people’s language
there is nothing “natural” about it
there is nothing “natural” about it
To try to understand a culture on its own terms is called __________.
ethnocentrism
cultural relativism
folklore
cultural education
cultural relativism
The basis of culture is __________.
customs
heredity
language
sociology
language
A term for rules of behavior is __________.
culture
norms
moral holidays
sanctions
norms
When someone is jogging on the left side of the sidewalk and you, running faster, overtake that person on his or her right, this runs counter to a __________ in the United States.
taboo
more
tradition
folkway
folkway
Some of the values and norms of a __________ place it at odds with the dominant culture.
subculture
core culture
counterculture
sociologists’ group
counterculture
A __________ exists between the value of group superiority and the values of freedom, democracy, and equality.
continuity
folkway
taboo
value contradiction
value contradiction
According to reports describing __________ children, they walked on all fours, growled, and showed no sensitivity to cold.
prehistoric
feral
isolated
institutionalized
feral
Isolated children require __________ to develop.
parents
siblings
solitary time
language
language
The term __________ was coined by Charles Horton Cooley.
looking-glass self
a stitch in time
significant other
precocious child
looking-glass self
In Freud’s terms, the __________ causes us to get our basic needs met.
id
ego
superego
instinctual drive
id
